本文選題：“全面兩孩”政策　切入點(diǎn)：育齡人群　出處：《寧夏醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：研究背景:“全面兩孩”政策自2016年1月1日起依法實(shí)施,生育意愿反映了政策實(shí)施的效果,從而影響著育齡人群的生育行為。因此,在“全面兩孩”政策背景下研究育齡人群兩孩生育意愿并探討其影響因素具有重要的作用。研究目標(biāo):本文在“全面兩孩”政策背景下,探討育齡人群對(duì)政策的認(rèn)知,通過(guò)對(duì)銀川市育齡人群兩孩生育意愿調(diào)查,描述其總體特征,分析其影響因素,基于對(duì)不同年代育齡人群兩孩生育意愿實(shí)證研究,比較銀川市不同年代育齡人群兩孩生育意愿的差異性,針對(duì)研究結(jié)果進(jìn)行討論,提出相應(yīng)的建議。從而對(duì)“全面兩孩”新生育政策下銀川市人口發(fā)展和未來(lái)人口的預(yù)測(cè)提供合理的數(shù)據(jù)參考和理論支撐。研究方法:本研究主要運(yùn)用定量并結(jié)合定性研究的方法。數(shù)據(jù)收集方面,通過(guò)文獻(xiàn)檢索法,梳理有關(guān)生育意愿的理論基礎(chǔ);通過(guò)問(wèn)卷調(diào)查法,對(duì)銀川市1967-1996年出生的450名育齡人群生育意愿進(jìn)行調(diào)查;通過(guò)訪談法,對(duì)寧夏衛(wèi)計(jì)委計(jì)生有關(guān)科室進(jìn)行實(shí)地調(diào)研。數(shù)據(jù)分析方面,運(yùn)用統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件SPSS21.0整理和分析,對(duì)兩孩生育意愿的基本情況進(jìn)行描述性統(tǒng)計(jì),對(duì)不同人口學(xué)特征下育齡人群的兩孩生育意愿運(yùn)用卡方檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行單因素分析,對(duì)年代與生育意愿進(jìn)行相關(guān)分析,對(duì)影響因素進(jìn)行l(wèi)ogistic回歸分析。研究結(jié)果:1.“全面兩孩”政策下銀川市育齡人群對(duì)政策的認(rèn)知情況對(duì)“全面兩孩”政策的認(rèn)知,12.22%的人非常了解;24.89%的人比較了解;41.12%的人一般了解;17.33%的人不太了解,4.44%的人完全不了解。2.銀川市育齡人群兩孩生育意愿總體特征(1)51.33%的人愿意生兩個(gè)孩子,34.22%的人不愿意生兩個(gè)孩子,14.45%的人還沒(méi)想好。婚姻狀況、目前職業(yè)、戶口性質(zhì)和孩子個(gè)數(shù)對(duì)育齡人群生育兩孩意愿有差異性,具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05)。意愿生育孩子數(shù)量上,75.11%的人意愿生育兩個(gè)孩子,20.45%的人意愿生育一個(gè)孩子,而不生育孩子和意愿生育三個(gè)及以上的孩子都占有2.22%。(2)意愿生育孩子性別上,68.22%的人理想是生育兩個(gè)孩子,最好是兒女雙全。(3)意愿生育孩子年齡上,32.67%的人意愿生育年齡在26-30歲,普遍認(rèn)同26-30歲生育兩孩最合適。(4)意愿生育孩子目的上,喜歡小孩子、讓孩子有個(gè)伴和增加家庭樂(lè)趣是育齡人群生育兩孩的主要原因;家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力、養(yǎng)育費(fèi)用高和耗費(fèi)精力大是影響育齡人群生育兩孩的主要因素。3.銀川市不同年代育齡人群兩孩生育意愿差異分析結(jié)果育齡人群兩孩生育意愿較高,對(duì)不同年代育齡人群兩孩生育意愿相關(guān)分析,在意愿生育數(shù)量上,相關(guān)系數(shù)r=0.054,P=0.25,年代與意愿生育孩子數(shù)量間無(wú)相關(guān)關(guān)系;在意愿生育性別上,相關(guān)系數(shù)r=14.131,P=0.118,年代與意愿生育孩子性別間無(wú)相關(guān)關(guān)系;在意愿生育年齡上,相關(guān)系數(shù)r=0.202,P0.001,年代與意愿生育年齡間存在相關(guān)關(guān)系。4.銀川市育齡人群兩孩生育意愿影響因素logistic回歸分析結(jié)果logistic回歸分析發(fā)現(xiàn),影響銀川市育齡人群兩孩生育意愿的因素有:一般人口學(xué)資料:年齡、戶口性質(zhì);個(gè)人因素:喜歡小孩子、讓孩子有個(gè)伴、孩子沒(méi)人帶;家庭因素:增加家庭樂(lè)趣、養(yǎng)育費(fèi)用高、家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力;社會(huì)因素:提高教學(xué)質(zhì)量、女性工作權(quán)益、孕產(chǎn)婦心理健康疏導(dǎo)�；貧w系數(shù)依次為-0.032、-0.665、-0.806、-1.798、0.603、-1.543、0.670、0.616、-0.863、0.649、0.785.建議:1.加大政策宣傳力度,提高育齡人群認(rèn)知度2.提升衛(wèi)生服務(wù)水平,降低高齡孕產(chǎn)婦生育風(fēng)險(xiǎn)3.促進(jìn)養(yǎng)育成本多元化,構(gòu)建職業(yè)女性合法權(quán)益4.加強(qiáng)社會(huì)保障力度,完善相關(guān)配套措施
[Abstract]:Background: "two children" policy since January 1, 2016 according to law, fertility will reflect the effect of policy implementation, thus affecting the reproductive behavior reproductive population. Therefore, in the "comprehensive two child policy background of the reproductive population of two child birth and will have an important role to explore its influencing factors. Research objectives: This article in the" comprehensive two child policy background, to explore the cognition of the reproductive population policy, the people of reproductive age in Yinchuan two child willingness survey, describing the overall characteristics, analyze its influencing factors, an empirical study of two children with the wishes of the people of childbearing age age based on differences in different reproductive population in Yinchuan city two children will, according to the results of the study are discussed, the corresponding suggestions are put forward. Thus the "population development of Yinchuan city comprehensive two children, the new family planning policy and the future population of pre Measured to provide reasonable data reference and theoretical support. Methods: This study used quantitative and qualitative research method. Data collection, through the literature search method, combing the relevant theoretical basis of fertility desire; through the questionnaire, we investigated 450 people of childbearing age birth will was born in Yinchuan city in 1967-1996 years; by in the interview, the Ningxia health planning and planning related departments to conduct field research. Data analysis using statistical software SPSS21.0 collation and analysis, descriptive statistics on basic situation of two child will, of different demographic characteristics under the population of childbearing age two children will use chi square test was used for univariate analysis, correlation analysis age and fertility desire, the influencing factors were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. Results: the understanding of the policy of the people of reproductive age in Yinchuan 1. "total two children" policy Know the cognition of "comprehensive two children" policy, about 12.22% people; 24.89% people; 41.12% people generally understand; do not know 17.33% people, 4.44% people did not understand the general characteristics of the women of childbearing age in Yinchuan city.2. two child will (1) 51.33% of people are willing to live two the children, 34.22% people do not want to have two children, 14.45% of people did not think well. Marital status, current occupation, Hukou and number of children have differences in reproductive population fertility two child will, with statistical significance (P0.05). The number of desired children, two children who wishes 75.11% a child, family who wishes 20.45%, without children and will give birth to three more children and have 2.22%. (2) will have children gender, 68.22% of the ideal is to have two children, it is best to sons and daughters. (3) will have children age On the willingness of childbearing age 32.67% at the age of 26-30, at the age of 26-30 generally accepted the birth of two children (4). The most suitable to desired children, love children, let the children have a partner and family fun is the main reason for the birth of two children of childbearing age population; family economic pressure, raise the high cost and energy consumption is different in the main factors affecting the reproductive population of childbearing age the birth of two children in Yinchuan city.3. two child willingness difference analysis results of childbearing age two child willingness higher, correlation analysis of the different people of childbearing age two child care may wish, number of births, the correlation coefficient r=0.054, P=0.25, no correlation between age and number of wishes children; in the intention of sex, the correlation coefficient r=14.131, P=0.118, no correlation between age and gender in desired children; willingness of childbearing age, correlation coefficient r=0.202, P0.001 years. Generation and willingness of childbearing age among women of childbearing age related.4. Yinchuan city two child factors logistic regression analysis results of logistic regression analysis showed that two factors affecting birth willingness at childbearing age in Yinchuan city are: general demographic data: age, household nature; personal factors: love children, let the children have a partner, child no one with; family factors: the increase of family fun, raising the high cost of family economic pressure; social factors: improve the quality of teaching, women working rights, maternal mental health counseling. The regression coefficients were -0.032, -0.665, -0.806, -1.798,0.603, -1.543,0.670,0.616, -0.863,0.649,0.785. 1. recommendations: increase policy advocacy efforts, improve the awareness of people of childbearing age 2. the level of health services, reducing the risk of maternal age family rearing costs 3. to promote the diversification of the legitimate rights and interests of women 4. to strengthen social construction occupation It will guarantee the strength and improve the relevant supporting measures

【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧夏醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：C924.21

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