【摘要】：在中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)禮治秩序中,社會(huì)地位與社會(huì)關(guān)系總是處于優(yōu)先地位,顯然不利于實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)公正;法家注重客觀性,避免主觀隨意性,故更具合理性。然而,隨著漢代以來(lái)的禮法合流,法家控制社會(huì)、民眾的技術(shù)性的一面得到強(qiáng)化,而法家的"真精神"則被長(zhǎng)期遮蔽。這主要表現(xiàn)在:其一,在禮治秩序中,法的客觀性逐漸為人之主觀性所吞噬,由此形成"人情即法"的傳統(tǒng);其二,原本在法家那里具有一定平等精神的"法"蛻變?yōu)榫S護(hù)尊卑等級(jí)的工具;其三,權(quán)利與義務(wù)的分離,即一部分人盡情享受著"沒(méi)有義務(wù)的權(quán)利",而另一部分人則被迫履行著"沒(méi)有權(quán)利的義務(wù)"。歷史警示我們,治理國(guó)家不能對(duì)人性存有絲毫的僥幸,底線和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)只能有一個(gè),那就是對(duì)"規(guī)則"的共同恪守與尊重,這應(yīng)是先秦法家留給我們的最大財(cái)富和啟示。在當(dāng)下,只有秉承理性精神,并實(shí)現(xiàn)從關(guān)系型社會(huì)向契約型社會(huì)、從國(guó)家本位到個(gè)體本位、從權(quán)力至上到法律至上的轉(zhuǎn)變,才能真正從人治走向法治。
[Abstract]:In the Chinese traditional order of rule of etiquette, social status and social relations are always in the first place, which is obviously not conducive to the realization of social justice; the legalists pay more attention to objectivity and avoid subjective arbitrariness, so they are more reasonable. However, with the confluence of etiquette and law since the Han Dynasty, the legalists controlled the society, the technical aspect of the people was strengthened, and the "true spirit" of the Legalists was obscured for a long time. This is mainly manifested in: first, in the order of rule of etiquette, the objectivity of law is gradually swallowed up by the subjectivity of human beings, thus forming the tradition of "human feeling is law"; Secondly, the "law", which originally had a certain spirit of equality in the Legalists, was transformed into a tool to maintain the inferiority level; Third, the separation of rights and obligations, that is, some people enjoy "rights without obligations", while others are forced to perform "obligations without rights". History warns us that governing the country can not have the slightest luck to human nature, the bottom line and standard can only have one, that is, the "rules" to abide by and respect, this should be the greatest wealth and inspiration left to us by the pre-Qin legalists. At present, only by adhering to the spirit of reason, and realizing the transformation from the relationship society to the contractual society, from the state standard to the individual standard, from the power supreme to the law supremacy, can the rule of law really move from the rule of man to the rule of law.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)人民大學(xué)哲學(xué)院;
【基金】：中國(guó)人民大學(xué)科學(xué)研究基金重大項(xiàng)目“中美日管理文化的比較與融合研究”(15XNL033) “統(tǒng)籌支持一流大學(xué)和一流學(xué)科建設(shè)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)”經(jīng)費(fèi)支持
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D920.0

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