【摘要】：改革開放以來,中國特色社會主義政治文明建設(shè)取得了驕人的成績。就基層民主而言,人民群眾在黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行了制度創(chuàng)新——村民自治。經(jīng)過二十多年的發(fā)展,村民自治為基層民主政治發(fā)展奠定了社會基礎(chǔ),培育了“政治人”,將公民政治參與納入到制度化軌道中來,同時也為我國社會穩(wěn)定做出了突出貢獻(xiàn)。就鄉(xiāng)村關(guān)系而言,村是人民群眾的自治組織；鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)則是基層政權(quán)組織。鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)政府與人民群眾的利益作重要的聯(lián)系,其治理成敗關(guān)系到國家的長治久安。 隨著人民自治運(yùn)動不斷發(fā)展,公民通過有序的政治參與一定程度上能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)自身利益訴求。同時,隨著社會發(fā)展,基層人民對公共物品有了新的需求,人民自治組織已無法滿足這種需求,因此,人民便將目光投向了基層政權(quán)組織,特別是鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)政府。另一方面,社會轉(zhuǎn)型給我國基層政府帶來了不可避免的陣痛,對鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)政權(quán)建設(shè)提出了更高的要求�，F(xiàn)實(shí)中,基層政府不能提供有效的公共物品,不能滿足人民日益增長的利益要求,甚至在個別地方的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)政府成為黑惡勢力的保護(hù)傘,其與基層民眾關(guān)系緊張,損害了黨和政府在人民心中的形象,嚴(yán)重的影響了社會的穩(wěn)定。 在這種背景下,個別地區(qū)開展了鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人直選改革,基層民主政治出現(xiàn)制度創(chuàng)新。這不僅實(shí)現(xiàn)了基層人民對于通過政治參與滿足自身利益要求的愿望,同時也為我國政治文明建設(shè)提供了寶貴經(jīng)驗(yàn)。機(jī)遇與挑戰(zhàn)并存,鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)長的直接選舉改革雖取得了一定成果,但是也存在著一定的問題,如鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)長選舉改革面臨著違憲的困境,選舉程序存在著不規(guī)范性,選民對選舉結(jié)果的質(zhì)疑,及選舉后新組建的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)政府是否能夠理順與同級黨委,人大及上級政府關(guān)系等問題。 本文立足于鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)長直接選舉改革的現(xiàn)實(shí),以民主授權(quán)與行政授權(quán)的關(guān)系為主線,以當(dāng)下鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)長直接選舉改革個案為分析對象,對上述問題進(jìn)行分析,從中發(fā)現(xiàn)存在的問題,指出造成這些困境的原因,對個案進(jìn)行經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié),并給出相應(yīng)的對策建議,為鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)長選舉改革實(shí)踐貢獻(xiàn)綿薄之力。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the construction of socialist political civilization with Chinese characteristics has made remarkable achievements. As far as grassroots democracy is concerned, the people under the leadership of the Party have carried out institutional innovation-villagers' autonomy. After more than 20 years of development, villagers' autonomy has laid a social foundation for the development of grass-roots democratic politics, cultivated "political people", brought citizen political participation into the system orbit, and made outstanding contributions to the social stability of our country at the same time. As far as rural relations are concerned, villages are the self-governing organizations of the people; villages and towns are grass-roots political organizations. Township government and the interests of the people to make an important relationship, its governance is related to the long-term stability of the country. With the continuous development of the people's autonomy movement, citizens can achieve their own interests to a certain extent through orderly political participation. At the same time, with the development of society, the grassroots people have a new demand for public goods, people's autonomous organizations can not meet this demand, therefore, the people will focus on grass-roots political organizations, especially township governments. On the other hand, social transformation has brought unavoidable pains to the grass-roots government in our country, and put forward higher requirements for the construction of township government. In reality, grass-roots governments cannot provide effective public goods or meet the growing interests of the people. Even township governments in individual places have become protective umbrellas of evil and criminal forces, and their relations with the grassroots people are tense. Damaged the image of the Party and government in the hearts of the people, seriously affected social stability. Under this background, some regions carried out the reform of direct election of township government leaders, and system innovation appeared in grass-roots democratic politics. This not only realizes the grassroots people's desire to satisfy their own interests through political participation, but also provides valuable experience for the construction of political civilization in China. There are both opportunities and challenges. Although some achievements have been made in the direct election reform of township chief, there are still some problems, such as the difficulty of unconstitutional election reform and the irregularity of election procedure. Voters question the election results, and whether the newly formed township government after the election can straighten out the relationship with the Party committees, the people's congresses and the higher governments. Based on the reality of the reform of the direct election of township chief, taking the relationship between democratic authorization and administrative authorization as the main line, taking the current cases of direct election of township chief as the analysis object, this paper analyzes the above problems and finds out the existing problems. This paper points out the causes of these difficulties, sums up the experiences of the cases, and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions, which will contribute little to the reform of the township chief election practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D621.5;D630

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 朱光磊,張志紅;“職責(zé)同構(gòu)”批判[J];北京大學(xué)學(xué)報(哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)版);2005年01期

2 李仁彬;;公推直選面臨的問題及對策思考[J];中共成都市委黨校學(xué)報(哲學(xué)社會科學(xué));2006年05期

3 江國華,譚觀秀;行政授權(quán)和行政委托之論綱[J];常德師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);2000年02期

4 徐勇;;“政策下鄉(xiāng)”及對鄉(xiāng)土社會的政策整合[J];當(dāng)代世界與社會主義;2008年01期

5 高放;;選舉是民主第一要義[J];黨政干部學(xué)刊;2008年05期

6 謝霞飛;加強(qiáng)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)法制建設(shè) 促進(jìn)農(nóng)村全面發(fā)展[J];廣東行政學(xué)院學(xué)報;1993年01期

7 張立榮;當(dāng)代中國鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)干部聘用制:困境與超越[J];廣東行政學(xué)院學(xué)報;1995年02期

8 張立榮;當(dāng)代中國鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)行政制度:結(jié)構(gòu)——功能透視[J];廣東行政學(xué)院學(xué)報;1996年01期

9 于建嶸;;中國縣政改革的目標(biāo)和基本路徑[J];甘肅理論學(xué)刊;2008年04期

10 包俊林;;試論公共選擇理論對鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)“兩選”的啟示[J];廣西民族學(xué)院學(xué)報(哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)版);2005年S1期

，

本文編號：2372189