【摘要】：定向冰凍法作為一種制備取向性多孔材料的方法,由于其具有快速、可規(guī)�；�、環(huán)境友好的特點(diǎn)而得到越來越廣泛的關(guān)注。這種以取向性的冰晶作為模板的反應(yīng)機(jī)制可以應(yīng)用于多種材料體系,包括冰凍凝膠、陶瓷、聚合物及其復(fù)合材料。本文提出了一種定向冰凍過程孔徑調(diào)控的新機(jī)制。采用浸潤性不同的固體作為冰凍表面,合成了具有取向性多孔結(jié)構(gòu)的聚乙二醇水凝膠。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),隨著浸潤性增強(qiáng),孔徑減小,根據(jù)孔徑和接觸角數(shù)值擬合出其間的關(guān)系式,可用來預(yù)測不同浸潤性冰凍表面得到的凝膠孔徑大小。用液氮作為冷源,親水性聚乙烯醇修飾過的銅片作為冰凍表面得到了孔徑小于2μm的微管狀結(jié)構(gòu),比用傳統(tǒng)定向冰凍法制備的多孔材料孔徑降低了一個(gè)數(shù)量級,大大擴(kuò)展其在分離催化領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用前景。在此基礎(chǔ)上,通過冰凍表面的區(qū)域化浸潤性修飾,也實(shí)現(xiàn)了孔徑的區(qū)域化調(diào)控。通過雙向冰凍法制備了一種新型的仿生石墨烯氣凝膠,具有長程有序的帶連接的片層結(jié)構(gòu),使得其同時(shí)具有高強(qiáng)度和高回復(fù)性。系統(tǒng)研究了氣凝膠的結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)控因素,得到了最佳的實(shí)驗(yàn)條件,并且提出了基于粘度變化的結(jié)構(gòu)相圖。在此基礎(chǔ)上,對比了仿生結(jié)構(gòu)和常規(guī)結(jié)構(gòu)的形貌和性能差異,進(jìn)一步研究了其結(jié)構(gòu)特征:層數(shù)和連接數(shù)目對機(jī)械性能的影響,得到了優(yōu)化的結(jié)果。壓縮-電學(xué)性能也凸顯了其在柔性電子領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用潛能。同時(shí),本研究也為通過仿生概念,實(shí)現(xiàn)多孔材料結(jié)構(gòu)的可控制備,進(jìn)而提高其機(jī)械性能和功能提供了思路。
[Abstract]:As a method of preparing oriented porous materials, directional freezing method has attracted more and more attention due to its rapid, scalable and environment-friendly characteristics. The mechanism of using oriented ice crystals as template can be applied to many material systems, including frozen gels, ceramics, polymers and their composites. In this paper, a new mechanism of aperture control in directional freezing process is proposed. Polyethylene glycol hydrogels with oriented porous structure were synthesized by using different soakage solids as frozen surfaces. It is found that the pore size decreases with the increase of wettability. The relationship between pore size and contact angle can be used to predict the size of gel pore size obtained from different infiltrating frozen surfaces. Using liquid nitrogen as cold source and hydrophilic polyvinyl alcohol modified copper as freezing surface, microtubules with pore diameter less than 2 渭 m were obtained, which was one order of magnitude lower than that of porous materials prepared by traditional directional freezing method. Its application prospect in the field of separation catalysis is greatly expanded. On this basis, the regionalization of pore size is also realized through the regional wettability modification of frozen surface. A novel bionic graphene aerogel was prepared by bidirectional freezing method. The bionic graphene aerogel has a long and ordered lamellar structure with high strength and high recoverability. The structure control factors of aerogels were studied systematically and the optimum experimental conditions were obtained. The structure phase diagram based on viscosity change was proposed. On this basis, the morphologies and properties of the bionic structure and the conventional structure are compared, and the effects of the number of layers and the number of connections on the mechanical properties are further studied, and the optimized results are obtained. Compression-electrical properties also highlight its potential applications in flexible electronics. At the same time, this study also provides a way to realize the controllable preparation of porous material structure and improve its mechanical properties and functions through the bionic concept.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ427.26;TB383.4

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