【摘要】：納米材料和納米技術被譽為是21世紀“最有前途的材料”和“最具決定性的技術”。近年來,隨著納米材料技術的發(fā)展,納米材料學科已經(jīng)深入到光學、電學、磁學、生物、制藥等領域。半導體納米材料因受尺寸效應和介電域效應等特性影響,表現(xiàn)出不同于常規(guī)的半導體材料,在微電子器件和通訊中有著誘人的應用前景。硒化鉛(PbSe)和硫化鉛(PbS)半導體納米材料因具有較大的Bohr半徑(PbS 18nm、PbSe 46nm),高介電常數(shù),高載流子遷移溫度敏感帶隙和良好的非線性光學性質(zhì),使得其在紅外探測和紅外激光中有著廣闊的用途。 隨著納米技術的發(fā)展,合成納米材料的新方法層出不窮,超聲及超聲電化學法是近幾年來一種新穎化學制備納米材料的方法。其在化學方法的基礎上外加超聲波,利用超聲波的聲空化作用來控制納米粒子的尺寸和形貌。該方法能有效的控制材料尺寸,形狀,分布且具有簡單、快速、污染小等優(yōu)點已成為制備納米材料的一種有效方法。 本文主要包括兩個部分:第一部分是綜述,對納米材料的概念、基本效應、制備方法、表征的手段等進行了簡介。并且對超聲法作用原理,以及其在制備納米材料中研究進展進行了總結(jié)。第二部分是研究工作,主要在原有的基礎上,通過改變實驗參數(shù),來做進一步探索。先是分別用超聲及超聲電化學法制備PbSe納米粒子,通過對結(jié)果的分析討論,指出了兩者之間的差別,不同配位劑在整個過程中所起的作用,分析了反應時間、反應溫度、PH值對實驗結(jié)果的影響,并對實驗結(jié)果進行了解釋。其次用超聲法制備PbS納米棒,通過實驗對比,找到了最佳反應時間,驗證了聚乙二醇具有活性劑和分散劑的作用。
[Abstract]:Nanomaterials and nanotechnology are praised as "the most promising materials" and "the most decisive technologies" in the 21st century. In recent years, with the development of nanomaterials technology, nanomaterials have been in the fields of optics, electricity, magnetism, biology, pharmacy and so on. Semiconductor nanomaterials are different from conventional semiconductor materials because of their size effect and dielectric domain effect. They have attractive application prospects in microelectronic devices and communications. Lead selenide (PbSe) and lead sulfide (PbS) semiconductor nanomaterials have large Bohr radius (PbS 18 nm PbSe 46nm), high dielectric constant, high carrier transfer temperature sensitive band gap and good nonlinear optical properties. It is widely used in infrared detection and infrared laser. With the development of nanotechnology, new methods for the synthesis of nanomaterials have emerged in endlessly. Ultrasonic and ultrasonic electrochemical methods are a novel chemical method for the preparation of nanomaterials in recent years. On the basis of chemical method, ultrasonic wave was applied to control the size and morphology of nanoparticles. This method can effectively control the size, shape and distribution of materials, and has the advantages of simplicity, rapidity and less pollution. It has become an effective method for the preparation of nanomaterials. This paper mainly includes two parts: the first part is a review of the concept of nanomaterials, basic effects, preparation methods, means of characterization and so on. The principle of ultrasonic method and its research progress in the preparation of nanomaterials were summarized. The second part is the research work, mainly on the basis of the original, by changing the experimental parameters to do further exploration. First, PbSe nanoparticles were prepared by ultrasonic and electrochemical methods respectively. The difference between the two methods and the role of different coordination agents in the whole process were pointed out, and the reaction time was analyzed. The effect of reaction temperature and PH on the experimental results is explained. Secondly, the PbS nanorods were prepared by ultrasonic method, and the optimum reaction time was found through experimental comparison, which proved that polyethylene glycol had the functions of active agent and dispersant.
【學位授予單位】：浙江工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：TB383.1

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前1條

1 劉英博;ZnS，，ZnS：Mn~(2+)量子點的制備和熒光性能的研究[D];長春工業(yè)大學;2012年

本文編號：2151533