【摘要】：民主改革前的西藏刑事立法是從各個(gè)時(shí)期的法律規(guī)定、部落習(xí)慣法的基礎(chǔ)上承繼與沿襲下來的。雖然現(xiàn)在西藏實(shí)行的是中華人民共和國法律,但民主改革前的西藏法律也可以說是我國古代法律體系中的一朵奇葩,現(xiàn)行刑法在西藏的執(zhí)行過程中會(huì)因當(dāng)?shù)氐母鞣N文化傳統(tǒng)、風(fēng)土人情和生活習(xí)俗的不同或多或少的受到一些來自不同方面的沖擊和影響,有的是世代相襲的習(xí)俗,有的是歷史遺留問題或者是舊社會(huì)的產(chǎn)物。了解西藏的法律文化對(duì)于指導(dǎo)當(dāng)前的刑事司法、刑事立法實(shí)踐具有積極的意義。 本文收集了很多文獻(xiàn)材料對(duì)民主改革前的西藏刑事立法進(jìn)行了淺析介紹,希望能對(duì)現(xiàn)行刑法在西藏的適用提供一個(gè)參考,本文分四部分來論述自己的觀點(diǎn)。 第一部分:主要介紹了西藏的地理概貌及與藏區(qū)法律的的關(guān)系。早期的西藏并無法律現(xiàn)象,原始宗教的一些教義和長(zhǎng)期生活所形成習(xí)慣成為人們普遍遵守的行為準(zhǔn)則,其從某個(gè)方面來講類似于習(xí)慣法。 第二部分:介紹了民主改革前藏區(qū)部落的刑事立法思想基礎(chǔ)及相關(guān)刑罰適用。藏區(qū)在民主改革前由于一直處于帶有農(nóng)奴殘余的封建部落制的社會(huì)中,因此其刑事立法的指導(dǎo)思想基礎(chǔ)具有血親復(fù)仇主義、神權(quán)主義、專制主義的特點(diǎn),而藏區(qū)刑法的規(guī)范有著其簡(jiǎn)約性、任意性和區(qū)域性的特點(diǎn)。 第三部分:分析了民主改革前西藏刑罰制度上的幾個(gè)問題,主要包括刑事責(zé)任年齡問題、故意與過失的區(qū)分問題、同罪不同罰原則的適用問題、刑罰男女有別原則的適用問題、株連原則的適用問題。通過對(duì)生命刑(死刑)、身體刑(肉刑)、財(cái)產(chǎn)刑、身份刑、人身羞辱刑、勞役刑等幾種刑罰的介紹和分析,可以看出民主改革前的舊西藏刑罰是極其殘酷、黑暗,有的甚至殘忍的讓人難以想象,這是當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)生活長(zhǎng)期落后和生產(chǎn)力極端低下的另一種表現(xiàn)。 第四部分:是對(duì)前三部分的歸納,主要對(duì)民主改革前西藏刑罰中的一些合理、積極的方面作了提煉,以對(duì)我國刑法制度改革有所助益。在死刑方面,民主改革前舊西藏刑法對(duì)殺人罪有死刑規(guī)定,但依據(jù)習(xí)慣法,則主要是以“賠命價(jià)”形式來解決刑罰問題。這種立而不用的立法模式在我們當(dāng)前討論死刑存廢問題上很值得借鑒。對(duì)于死刑的適用,在技術(shù)層面上彰顯死刑的威懾性,在人類自然理性層面上,凸現(xiàn)人性的寬容性。在財(cái)產(chǎn)刑方面,民主改革前的舊西藏主要適用的是賠償制度,在賠償方式與額度中帶有明顯的等級(jí)性。
[Abstract]:The criminal legislation of Tibet before the democratic reform was inherited and inherited from the laws of various periods and tribal customary laws. Although the laws of the people's Republic of China are now in force in Tibet, the laws of Tibet before the democratic reform can also be said to be a rare flower in the ancient legal system of China. The current criminal law will be implemented in Tibet because of various local cultural traditions. Different customs and customs of life are more or less affected by some different aspects of the impact and influence, some of the customs inherited from generation to generation, some are historical problems or the product of the old society. Understanding Tibet's legal culture is of positive significance in guiding current criminal justice and criminal legislation practice. This paper has collected a lot of documents to analyze and introduce the criminal legislation of Tibet before the democratic reform, hoping to provide a reference for the application of the current criminal law in Tibet. This article is divided into four parts to discuss the viewpoint of Tibet. The first part mainly introduces the geographical overview of Tibet and its relationship with the laws of Tibetan area. There was no legal phenomenon in early Tibet, and some of the teachings of primitive religions and habits formed by long life became universally observed codes of conduct, which were in some ways similar to customary law. The second part: introduced the criminal legislation thought foundation and the related penalty application of the Tibetan tribe before the democratic reform. Before the democratic reform, the Tibetan region was in a feudal tribal society with the vestiges of serfdom, so the guiding ideology of its criminal legislation was characterized by consanguineous revanchism, theocracy, and autocracy. The norms of Tibetan criminal law have its simplicity, arbitrariness and regional characteristics. The third part analyzes several problems in the penalty system of Tibet before the democratic reform, including the age of criminal responsibility, the distinction between intent and negligence, the application of the principle of different punishment for the same crime, and the application of the principle of the difference of punishment between men and women. The application of the principle of plant linkage. Through the introduction and analysis of life punishment (death penalty), body punishment (corporal punishment), property punishment, identity penalty, personal humiliation penalty, and servitude penalty, we can see that the old Tibetan punishment before the democratic reform was extremely cruel and dark. Some even cruel unimaginable, this is the social life long backward and extremely low productivity another manifestation. The fourth part is the induction of the first three parts, which mainly refines some reasonable and positive aspects of the penalty in Tibet before the democratic reform, in order to be helpful to the reform of the criminal law system of our country. With regard to the death penalty, the old Tibetan criminal law before the democratic reform provided for the death penalty for homicide, but according to the customary law, it was mainly in the form of "compensation for life" to solve the penalty problem. This legislative model is worth drawing lessons from in our current discussion on the issue of the death penalty. For the application of the death penalty, the deterrent nature of death penalty is demonstrated on the technical level, and the tolerance of human nature is highlighted in the aspect of human natural rationality. In terms of property penalty, the old Tibet before the democratic reform mainly applied the compensation system, with obvious hierarchy in the way and amount of compensation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D924.1

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本文編號(hào)：2134516