【摘要】：改革開(kāi)放以來(lái),我國(guó)政府著重進(jìn)行了經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革,并且取得了舉世矚目的成就,這既證明了我國(guó)權(quán)威政府的執(zhí)政能力和水平,又體現(xiàn)了我國(guó)的政府責(zé)任。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展,我國(guó)社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期出現(xiàn)了新的發(fā)展階段,并且要進(jìn)行“五位一體”的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展,這對(duì)我國(guó)政府的治理模式提出了新的要求。政府治理模式的轉(zhuǎn)換,將帶動(dòng)我國(guó)政府角色和政府職能的轉(zhuǎn)變,從而促進(jìn)我國(guó)政府積極地履行自身的責(zé)任。根據(jù)權(quán)責(zé)一致原則,我國(guó)政府是行使國(guó)家權(quán)力的機(jī)關(guān),掌握著公共權(quán)力,理應(yīng)承擔(dān)政府責(zé)任。政府責(zé)任是一個(gè)責(zé)任集合體,學(xué)界有不同的分類方法。本文主要從政府的政治責(zé)任、法律責(zé)任、行政責(zé)任和道德責(zé)任這四個(gè)方面加以闡述。因?yàn)槲覈?guó)的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制還不夠健全,民主和法治還有待完善,所以我國(guó)政府承擔(dān)的責(zé)任和社會(huì)壓力都很大。政府在處理與執(zhí)政黨、人大、法院、檢察院、市場(chǎng)、社會(huì)、公民的關(guān)系,以及政府自身上下級(jí)之間的關(guān)系時(shí),也是政府承擔(dān)責(zé)任的具體表現(xiàn)。當(dāng)下我國(guó)政府還存在一定的責(zé)任缺失問(wèn)題,主要表現(xiàn)為政府責(zé)任的缺位、錯(cuò)位和越位。這不僅是因?yàn)槲覈?guó)政府問(wèn)責(zé)制度不健全,對(duì)政府及其公務(wù)員,尤其是對(duì)一些政府官員和行政首長(zhǎng)追責(zé)不力,而且我國(guó)行政法律體系和法律文本也不完善,法律的強(qiáng)制性和權(quán)威性不足,從而導(dǎo)致政府責(zé)任的追究缺乏剛性和實(shí)效性,成為影響政府責(zé)任建設(shè)的重要緣由。此外,受傳統(tǒng)行政文化消極因素的影響,政府及其公務(wù)員在依法行政方面依然存在欠缺。這些因素都在不同程度上影響著政府責(zé)任的實(shí)現(xiàn)。政府責(zé)任的實(shí)現(xiàn)是一個(gè)世界性問(wèn)題。本文通過(guò)對(duì)美國(guó)政府健全的法律和制度、英國(guó)政府的公共行政改革和新加坡政府的動(dòng)態(tài)治理等域外有關(guān)政府責(zé)任建設(shè)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行梳理,以期吸收借鑒西方政府推進(jìn)政府責(zé)任實(shí)現(xiàn)、建立更加負(fù)責(zé)的政府過(guò)程中的優(yōu)秀成果。在借鑒西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家政府責(zé)任建設(shè)有益經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,明確我國(guó)政府責(zé)任建設(shè)的要求,不斷建立和完善我國(guó)政府責(zé)任的實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)制,強(qiáng)化我國(guó)的政治問(wèn)責(zé)、法律問(wèn)責(zé)、行政問(wèn)責(zé)和道德問(wèn)責(zé)機(jī)制,并且不斷探索我國(guó)政府責(zé)任的實(shí)現(xiàn)路徑。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, our government has focused on the reform of the economic system and has made remarkable achievements, which not only proves the power and level of the authority of the government of our country, but also embodies the responsibility of our government. With the further development of the economy and society, a new stage of development has appeared in the period of social transformation in China, and it should be carried out. The coordinated development of the "five in one" has put forward new demands on the governance model of our government. The transformation of government governance model will lead to the transformation of the role of government and government functions in our country, thus promoting the government to perform its own responsibility actively. The public power should bear the responsibility of the government. The government responsibility is a collection of responsibilities, and the academic circles have different classification methods. This article mainly expounds the four aspects of the government's political responsibility, legal responsibility, administrative responsibility and moral responsibility. Because the market economy system in our country is not perfect, democracy and the rule of law remain to be perfected. The government's responsibility and social pressure are great. When the government deals with the ruling party, the people's Congress, the court, the procuratorate, the relationship between the market, the society, the citizen, and the relationship between the government's own upper and lower levels, the government is also a concrete manifestation of the responsibility of the government. The lack of responsibility, dislocation and offside. This is not only because our government accountability system is not sound, the government and its civil servants, especially some government officials and executive heads are not responsible for the responsibility, and the administrative legal system and legal text of our country are not perfect, the compulsory and authority of the law is insufficient, which leads to the lack of government responsibility. The lack of rigidity and effectiveness has become an important reason for the construction of government responsibility. In addition, the government and its civil servants still have a lack of administrative responsibility under the influence of the negative factors of traditional administrative culture. These factors affect the realization of government responsibility in varying degrees. The realization of government responsibility is a worldwide problem. In order to absorb and draw lessons from the western government to promote the government's responsibility and establish a more responsible achievement in the government's course, we can learn from the developed countries in the West. On the basis of the beneficial experience of government responsibility construction, we should clarify the requirements of our government's responsibility construction, establish and perfect the realization mechanism of our government responsibility, strengthen our country's political accountability, legal accountability, administrative accountability and moral accountability mechanism, and continue to explore the path to realize the responsibility of our government.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D630

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