本文選題：靜電紡絲 + 血管支架��； 參考：《青島大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,心腦血管疾病發(fā)病率極高,嚴(yán)重危害人類的生命健康,成為三大殺手之一。針對此類疾病臨床上大多采用血管移植的方法治療,由于異體血管之間存在排斥現(xiàn)象,而自體血管存在各種各樣的問題也很難成為移植血管。因此制備具有高力學(xué)性能、高暢通率、良好生物相容性以及利于細(xì)胞粘附和生長的人工血管成為爭相研究的熱點(diǎn)。采用靜電紡絲法制備的纖維直徑分布可從幾十納米到幾微米,同時具有孔隙率高、比表面積大、孔徑分布較寬等優(yōu)點(diǎn),采用該方法制備的纖維能夠模擬人體細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)的三維結(jié)構(gòu),被廣泛的應(yīng)用于人工血管支架的制備方面。本文采用聚乳酸-羥基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)、聚己內(nèi)酯(PCL)、聚乳酸(PLA)和聚氨酯(PU)為原料,丙酮(Acetone),N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF),四氫呋喃(THF)和三氯甲烷(TCM)為溶劑,采用靜電紡絲技術(shù)制備三層復(fù)合小口徑血管支架,并在血管內(nèi)層載有抗凝血的藥物肝素鈉。本實(shí)驗(yàn)通過對收集裝置進(jìn)行改進(jìn),采用了自制的收集裝置,制備的復(fù)合小口徑血管支架包括自內(nèi)向外依次緊密排列的三層:內(nèi)層是由靜電紡絲法制備的平行于軸向取向的混合纖維組成的管狀支架,與血液流動方向一致,減少血液流動的阻力,且利于內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞的生長粘附;中間層是由靜電紡絲法制備的垂直于軸向取向的混合纖維組成的管狀支架,具有力學(xué)支撐作用;外層由靜電紡絲法制備的無規(guī)纖維組成的管狀支架,增強(qiáng)人工血管的力學(xué)性能,具有良好的生物相容性。本實(shí)驗(yàn)通過靜電紡絲的方法制備了內(nèi)徑分別為2mm,4mm和6mm的人工血管支架,通過掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM),透射電子顯微鏡(TEM)、萬能拉伸試驗(yàn)機(jī)等測試儀器分析了三層復(fù)合人工血管的形貌特征以及力學(xué)性能。結(jié)果表明,本方法制備的不同口徑的血管支架具有孔隙率高、彈性好、良好的生物相容性等優(yōu)點(diǎn),并能夠大量生產(chǎn)。該三層血管支架在醫(yī)學(xué)臨床的血管移植領(lǐng)域有廣闊而深遠(yuǎn)的應(yīng)用前景。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is very high, seriously endangering human life and health, becoming one of the three killers. For these diseases, most of them are treated by vascular transplantation. Because of the rejection between the allogeneic blood vessels, various problems of autogenous blood vessels are difficult to be grafted blood vessels. Therefore, the preparation of artificial blood vessels with high mechanical properties, high flow rate, good biocompatibility and good cell adhesion and growth has become a hot topic. The diameter distribution of the fibers prepared by electrostatic spinning can range from tens of nanometers to several microns, and has the advantages of high porosity, large specific surface area, wide pore size distribution, etc. The fibers prepared by this method can simulate the three-dimensional structure of human extracellular matrix and are widely used in the preparation of artificial vascular stent. Poly (lactic acid-glycolic acid) copolymer (PLGA), poly (caprolactone) (PCL), polylactic acid (PLA) and polyurethane (pu) were used as raw materials, acetone (Acetone) (N-dimethylformamide), tetrahydrofuran (THF) and trichloromethane (TCM) were used as solvents. Three layers of composite small diameter vascular stents were prepared by electrospinning technique and contained anticoagulant sodium heparin in the inner layer of blood vessels. In this experiment, the collection device was improved, and the self-made collection device was adopted. The composite small diameter vascular stent consists of three layers: the inner layer is a tubular scaffold made by electrostatic spinning, parallel to the axial orientation of mixed fibers, which is consistent with the direction of blood flow. It can reduce the resistance of blood flow and facilitate the growth and adhesion of endothelial cells, and the intermediate layer is a tubular scaffold composed of perpendicular to axial orientation fibers prepared by electrostatic spinning, which has the function of mechanical support. The outer layer of tubular scaffolds made of random fibers prepared by electrostatic spinning method enhances the mechanical properties of artificial blood vessels and has good biocompatibility. In this experiment, an artificial vascular stent with an inner diameter of 2 mm or 4 mm and a diameter of 6mm was prepared by electrostatic spinning. The morphologies and mechanical properties of three layers of composite blood vessels were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and universal tensile tester. The results show that the vascular scaffolds with different caliber prepared by this method have the advantages of high porosity, good elasticity and good biocompatibility, and can be produced in large quantities. The three-layer stent has a broad and far-reaching application prospect in the field of vascular transplantation in medical clinic.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青島大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R318.1;TQ340.64

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