本文選題：公民權(quán)利 + 權(quán)利救濟　； 參考：《華中師范大學》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：當前中國社會正處于一個除弊立新,改革開放的轉(zhuǎn)型期。伴隨著現(xiàn)代化進程的加快,人們的個體利益要求日漸增長,而個體利益要求的增長總是與權(quán)利需求的增長成正比例關(guān)系�！坝袡�(quán)利必有救濟,有侵害必有保護”,這是衡量社會法治程度的重要標準�；鶎由鐣挥谡蜗到y(tǒng)和社會系統(tǒng)的邊緣地帶,是各種社會矛盾的交匯點和各種利益關(guān)系的聚集點。這個領(lǐng)域的政治、經(jīng)濟和社會訴求與群眾利益關(guān)系最為直接也最為密切,最容易發(fā)生一些侵權(quán)問題,這些問題的最終解決還是要依靠基層社會本身,民主作為一種利益協(xié)調(diào)機制,無疑在其中發(fā)揮著重要作用。一方面,發(fā)展基層民主可以持續(xù)不斷的將基層社會整合到國家體系中來,保持基層民眾對國家的合法性認同。另一方面,基層民主制度可以保證國家機器健康、持續(xù)運轉(zhuǎn),是制衡國家權(quán)力侵害公民權(quán)利和個體利益的有效手段。 本文主要論述公民參與基層治理的權(quán)利受到侵害時,應該通過什么方式加以救濟,使公民的權(quán)利不至于懸空。作為研究的起點,第一章首先對本文論述的公民“權(quán)利”作了明確的界定,探討了為什么只有通過權(quán)利救濟才能實現(xiàn)公民權(quán)利,并重點強調(diào)了基層民主與權(quán)利救濟的關(guān)系。第二章主要從實踐的角度論述了基層民主各方面發(fā)展中的權(quán)利救濟問題,重點探討了農(nóng)村村民自治、城市社區(qū)自治、工作場所民主、城鄉(xiāng)公共管理以及縣鄉(xiāng)人大制度這五大基層民主制度如何救濟公民權(quán)利,反過來,公民的基層民主權(quán)利遭到侵害后又通過何種途徑實現(xiàn)救濟。第三章主要通過一些具有代表性、普遍性的實例來引出目前權(quán)利救濟存在的問題,即：權(quán)利救濟主體不作為、權(quán)利救濟渠道不暢通、權(quán)利救濟機制不規(guī)范和權(quán)利救濟方式單一化,討論了這些問題對基層民主發(fā)展的影響,并提出了相應的解決對策。 權(quán)利救濟作為公民權(quán)利實現(xiàn)的最后環(huán)節(jié),有著舉足輕重的作用,完善的權(quán)利救濟體系不僅能保障公民遭受侵害的權(quán)利得到彌補,還有助于公民權(quán)利意識的自我構(gòu)建和完善,有助于公民社會的培育和基層民主的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:At present, Chinese society is in a transitional period of reform and opening-up. With the acceleration of the modernization process, people's individual interests are increasing, and the growth of individual interests is always proportional to the growth of the demand for rights. "there is right, there is relief, there is infringement, there is protection", which is an important measure of social rule of law. Grass-roots society is located in the fringe of political system and social system. It is the intersection of various social contradictions and the gathering point of various interest relations. The political, economic and social demands in this field are most directly and closely related to the interests of the masses, and some tort problems are most likely to occur. The final solution of these problems still depends on the grass-roots society itself. Democracy, as an interest coordination mechanism, undoubtedly plays an important role in it. On the one hand, the development of grass-roots democracy can continuously integrate grass-roots society into the national system and maintain the legitimacy of the grassroots people. On the other hand, the grass-roots democracy system can guarantee the healthy and sustainable operation of the state machine, and it is an effective means to check and balance the state power against the civil rights and individual interests. This paper mainly discusses how to remedy the right of citizens to participate in grass-roots governance when it is infringed, so that the rights of citizens will not be left blank. As the starting point of the study, the first chapter makes a clear definition of the citizen's "right" discussed in this paper, probes into why the citizen's right can be realized only through the right relief, and emphasizes the relationship between the grass-roots democracy and the right relief. The second chapter mainly discusses the rights relief problems in the development of grass-roots democracy from the perspective of practice, focusing on rural villagers autonomy, urban community autonomy, democracy in the workplace. Urban and rural public management and the county and township people's Congress system of the five grass-roots democracy system relief citizens' rights, in turn, citizens' grass-roots democratic rights are violated and through what means to achieve relief. The third chapter mainly through some representative, universal examples to elicit the existing problems of the right relief, namely: the right relief main body does not act, the right relief channel is not smooth, This paper discusses the influence of these problems on the development of grass-roots democracy and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures. As the last link of the realization of civil rights, right relief plays an important role. A perfect right relief system can not only ensure that the rights violated by citizens are compensated, but also contribute to the self-construction and perfection of citizens' right consciousness. It is conducive to the cultivation of civil society and the development of democracy at the grass-roots level.
【學位授予單位】：華中師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D621

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