本文選題：微波法 + 鑭摻雜�。� 參考：《重慶大學》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 納米材料的概念是在20世紀中葉被科學界提出的,是當今新型材料,并日益得到廣泛重視和深入研究,是新材料研究中最富有活力,對社會、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展有著重要影響的研究對象。目前,納米材料已經(jīng)在化工、國防、電子、醫(yī)學等領(lǐng)域展示出良好、實質(zhì)的應用前景。納米TiO_2是一種氧化能力強、無毒無害、反應速度快、降解效率較高、無二次污染的新型光催化劑,因其優(yōu)異的光學性能、催化性能和光電轉(zhuǎn)換性能,引起人們極大關(guān)注。其中,TiO_2納米管具有更大的比表面積,在光催化降解大氣和水中的污染物、清潔能源等方面有廣闊的應用前景。 本文研究的微波合成法是利用微波對水的介電作用進行合成,是一種新型合成納米管的方法,其合成機理尚不明確,且存在很多爭議。與傳統(tǒng)方法相比,微波法具有反應靈敏、加熱速度快、受熱體系均勻等優(yōu)點。但現(xiàn)階段而言,國內(nèi)外對其報道極少,對摻雜TiO_2納米管的微波法制備及光催化性能研究更是少有提及。 本文利用溶膠-凝膠法制備了鑭摻雜納米粉,并且以納米粉為前驅(qū)物,利用微波制備了稀土鑭摻雜的TiO_2納米管,同時對它們進行光催化性能對比。利用場發(fā)射掃描電子顯微鏡、透射電子顯微鏡、比表面儀、熒光光譜儀和X射線衍射儀等對試樣形貌、結(jié)構(gòu)和組成進行表征,并對其形成機理進行分析。 結(jié)果表明:利用溶膠-凝膠法制備的作為前驅(qū)物的TiO_2納米粉體粒徑在40~60nm之間,摻雜使納米粉體的顆粒形狀更不規(guī)則,其顆粒表面更加粗糙,導致比表面積增加。利用微波法以TiO_2納米粉為前驅(qū)物,可以制得形貌比較完整的TiO_2納米管,摻雜鑭的TiO_2納米管外徑約為8~20nm,內(nèi)徑約為6~18nm,長約50~100nm;未經(jīng)HCl酸洗的TiO_2納米管在電鏡下非常完整,而經(jīng)過HCl酸洗的TiO_2納米管在電鏡下觀察則發(fā)現(xiàn)其局部遭到破壞。TiO_2納米管的形成可用納米粉體在微波和NaOH的共同作用下首先解離為TiO_2納米薄片,TiO_2納米薄片經(jīng)卷曲形成納米管進行解釋。 以甲基橙為目標降解物,研究了銳鈦礦型納米TiO_2的光催化性能。納米TiO_2試樣在15W紫外光源照射下,經(jīng)150min光催化降解試驗,結(jié)果表明:TiO_2納米管比納米粉具有更好的光催化性能;鑭摻雜TiO_2納米管存在一個合理摻雜量,本試驗條件下的最佳摻雜量為0.5%,其降解率可達到55.28%。 本研究通過稀土元素摻雜TiO_2納米管進一步提高了納米TiO_2光催化性能,為其在諸多領(lǐng)域得到廣泛而又實質(zhì)性應用提供了一種新的途徑。
[Abstract]:The concept of nanomaterials was put forward by the scientific community in the middle of the 20th century. Economic development has an important impact on the object of study. At present, nanomaterials have shown good and substantial application prospects in chemical industry, national defense, electronics, medicine and other fields. Nano-TiO2 is a new photocatalyst with strong oxidation ability, innocuity, fast reaction rate, high degradation efficiency and no secondary pollution. Because of its excellent optical performance, catalytic performance and photoelectric conversion performance, it has attracted much attention. Among them, tio _ 2 nanotubes have a larger specific surface area and have a broad application prospect in photocatalytic degradation of pollutants in atmosphere and water, clean energy and so on. The microwave synthesis method studied in this paper is a new method of synthesizing nanotubes by using microwave to synthesize the dielectric action of water. The mechanism of synthesis is not clear and there are many controversies. Compared with the traditional method, microwave method has the advantages of sensitive reaction, fast heating speed and uniform heating system. However, at present, there are few reports at home and abroad, and the preparation of TiO-2 nanotubes by microwave method and the study of their photocatalytic properties are seldom mentioned. In this paper, lanthanum doped nanocrystals were prepared by sol-gel method, and the rare-earth lanthanum-doped TIO _ 2 nanotubes were prepared by microwave using nanometer powders as precursors, and their photocatalytic properties were compared. The morphology, structure and composition of the samples were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), specific surface analyzer, fluorescence spectrometer and X-ray diffractometer, and the formation mechanism was analyzed. The results show that the particle size of TIO _ 2 nanoparticles prepared by sol-gel method is in the range of 40~60nm, and doping makes the particle shape more irregular and the surface roughness, resulting in the increase of specific surface area. Using TiO2 nano-powder as precursor, TiO2 nanotubes with relatively complete morphology can be prepared by microwave method. The outer diameters of La doped TiO2 nanotubes are about 820 nm, and the inner diameters of TiO2 nanotubes are about 60.18 nm, and the length of TiO2 nanotubes is about 50 ~ 100nm.The unHCl acid-pickled TiO2 nanotubes are very complete under electron microscope. On the other hand, after HCl acid pickling, the TIO _ 2 nanotubes were observed under electron microscope. The formation of TiO2 nanotubes can be separated into TiO2 nanoplates by curl shape under the combined action of microwave and NaOH. Into nanotubes to explain. The photocatalytic properties of anatase nano-TiO _ 2 were studied with methyl orange as the target degradation material. The photocatalytic degradation of TiO2 nanotubes was studied by 150min photocatalytic degradation under 15W UV irradiation. The results showed that: TiO2 nanotubes have better photocatalytic properties than nano-powders, and La doped TiO2 nanotubes have a reasonable amount of doping. The optimum doping amount is 0.5 and the degradation rate can reach 55.28. In this study, TiO-2 nanotubes doped with rare earth elements further improved the photocatalytic properties of TiO-2 nanotubes, which provided a new way for its extensive and substantive application in many fields.
【學位授予單位】：重慶大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：TB383.1

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