本文選題：濟(jì)南 + 商埠��； 參考：《山東師范大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 歷史上的濟(jì)南作為山東地方行政權(quán)力網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的中心樞紐是一個(gè)典型的封建政治型、消費(fèi)型城市。在整個(gè)中國處于歷史轉(zhuǎn)型期的二十世紀(jì)初,濟(jì)南也開始了自己的城市現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程。在清政府制定的“自開商埠”方針指導(dǎo)下,1904年濟(jì)南自主開埠,成為第一個(gè)自開商埠的省會(huì)城市。自開商埠成了濟(jì)南城市現(xiàn)代化的歷史起點(diǎn)。開埠及隨之而來的通商貿(mào)易給濟(jì)南傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)注入了新的資源。開埠通商促進(jìn)了濟(jì)南城市商業(yè)、金融的現(xiàn)代化變遷,同時(shí)為現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展從市場和資金兩方面創(chuàng)造了條件,濟(jì)南開始了城市轉(zhuǎn)型的進(jìn)程。 隨著商埠區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易的發(fā)展,濟(jì)南的現(xiàn)代民商事法制也得到了充分的發(fā)展,積累了大量的文獻(xiàn)資料及實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)。本文即是在這一基礎(chǔ)上系統(tǒng)的梳理這一時(shí)期濟(jì)南商埠區(qū)之商事法制。在完整的再現(xiàn)濟(jì)南開埠至清末的民商事法制之基礎(chǔ)上,汲取其中的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn),為當(dāng)前以及今后一個(gè)時(shí)期濟(jì)南的開發(fā)區(qū)民商事法制提供歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 本文主要分七個(gè)部分分析了清末商埠區(qū)法制的進(jìn)程。首先結(jié)合晚清自開商埠的潮流,分析了國內(nèi)開埠通商的大局、山東面對(duì)膠濟(jì)鐵路即將通車德國的勢(shì)力即將深入山東內(nèi)陸的現(xiàn)實(shí)以及濟(jì)南作為一個(gè)封建制城市需要進(jìn)行現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的需求�？偨Y(jié)出濟(jì)南開埠通商的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化原因。 在確定了開埠通商的目標(biāo)以后,山東當(dāng)局以袁世凱和周馥為主導(dǎo)奏請(qǐng)清廷將濟(jì)南、周村、濰縣一并開辟為商埠。 第二部分為商埠區(qū)法制規(guī)劃。在商埠區(qū)法制建設(shè)規(guī)劃階段,山東當(dāng)局主要確定了四個(gè)關(guān)鍵問題。第一是開埠位置的劃定,將選擇在濟(jì)南城外另辟區(qū)域開埠通商;第二在濟(jì)南開埠章程制定方面將主要參照“直隸秦王島、福建三都澳、湖南岳州府”等已開商埠地區(qū)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)及濟(jì)南的現(xiàn)實(shí)進(jìn)行;第三在管轄權(quán)設(shè)置方面,濰縣、周村作為濟(jì)南分關(guān)存在,統(tǒng)歸濟(jì)南商埠管理;最后,商埠開辦章程的制定需要“督飭山東司道并東海關(guān)、膠海關(guān)各監(jiān)督、稅司等妥議”,不能由當(dāng)局單獨(dú)決定。 以此原則為基礎(chǔ)經(jīng)過了一年的醞釀,最終頒布了開辦三章程——《濟(jì)南商埠開辦章程》、《濟(jì)南商埠租建章程》和《濟(jì)南商埠巡警章程》。這是濟(jì)南商埠區(qū)初創(chuàng)時(shí)期的三個(gè)基礎(chǔ)性立法文件,三章程共同協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)揮作用為濟(jì)南商埠區(qū)的招商引資確定了基調(diào),奠定了基礎(chǔ)。 作為一個(gè)剛剛開埠通商地區(qū)來說,濟(jì)南政府的商事法制經(jīng)驗(yàn)幾乎為零,在這樣的前提下,如何讓開辦三章程很好的運(yùn)作,如何讓濟(jì)南商埠區(qū)的發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)的目的得到實(shí)現(xiàn)是擺在山東當(dāng)局面前的難題。接下來的三個(gè)部分為并列關(guān)系,從三個(gè)方面分析了濟(jì)南商埠區(qū)商事法制。 第一是商事立法。主要包括三個(gè)部分,首先是在清末開埠通商的大背景下,清廷關(guān)于商業(yè)發(fā)展的立法;其次是山東當(dāng)局針對(duì)濟(jì)南、周村、濰縣三地開埠通商制定的立法文件;最后是主要針對(duì)濟(jì)南商埠區(qū)的開辦三章程。 第二是商會(huì)法制。在清末商事法律發(fā)展的過程中,雖然有清廷大量的立法文件的存在。但是在推行的過程中,由于晚清的商事立法存在僵硬照搬西方法律制度漠視中國商事習(xí)慣的情況,所以難以發(fā)揮實(shí)踐作用。在這樣的現(xiàn)實(shí)下,商會(huì)作為最廣泛的聯(lián)系商戶的組織在商埠區(qū)的運(yùn)行中也發(fā)揮了不可忽視的作用。 最后是非正式制度對(duì)商埠區(qū)商事法制的影響。在濟(jì)南商埠區(qū)的初創(chuàng)階段,共有四種對(duì)商埠區(qū)法制產(chǎn)生影響的非正式制度。首先是外國商戶。隨著開埠的進(jìn)行,大量外國商戶涌入濟(jì)南,他們憑借強(qiáng)大的資金背景及豐富的商事活動(dòng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)強(qiáng)勢(shì)入住,影響著商埠區(qū)的商事習(xí)慣;其次是教會(huì)。清末教會(huì)組織大量在中國傳教,他們通過著書立說和開辦學(xué)校,向我國人民宣傳先進(jìn)的西方文化,尤其是先進(jìn)的西方法律思想。思想的碰撞與交流在一定程度上影響了商埠區(qū)的法制建設(shè)進(jìn)程;第三是幫派性質(zhì)組織的影響。在濟(jì)南商埠區(qū),有一個(gè)幫派性質(zhì)的組織占據(jù)了商埠區(qū)的一部分區(qū)域建設(shè)“新市場”,為商埠區(qū)的小商戶的發(fā)展及居民的日常生活做出了貢獻(xiàn);最后是形成規(guī)模的商戶對(duì)商事法制的影響。 論文接下來綜合分析了商事法制對(duì)于商埠區(qū)建設(shè)的影響,做了一個(gè)比較全面的實(shí)效性分析。最后一部分分析了初創(chuàng)階段商埠區(qū)法制的成就、特點(diǎn)及局限性。在肯定成績的基礎(chǔ)上為將來的發(fā)展做了鋪墊。 總之,濟(jì)南商埠區(qū)的初創(chuàng)階段,對(duì)于商事法制來說是一個(gè)從無到有的發(fā)展階段。各種勢(shì)力在此碰撞,成熟的幼稚的、外來的本土的、先進(jìn)的落后的,在碰撞的過程中互相影響,本著發(fā)展建設(shè)商埠區(qū)這一個(gè)大目標(biāo)共同進(jìn)步,對(duì)日后商埠區(qū)的發(fā)展奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Ji'nan, as the central hub of the local administrative power network in Shandong, is a typical feudal political and consumer city. In the early twentieth Century of the historical transition period in China, Ji'nan began its own process of urban modernization. Under the guidance of the "self opening commercial port" policy made by the Qing government, Ji'nan was in 1904. The opening of the port has become the first provincial capital city from the commercial port. The opening of the commercial port has become the historical starting point for the modernization of the city of Ji'nan. The opening of the port and the following trade trade have injected new resources into the traditional economy of Ji'nan. The opening of the port has promoted the city commerce of Ji'nan, the modernization of the finance, and the emergence and development of modern industry from the city. Ji'nan and the two aspects of capital created conditions, and the process of urban transformation began.
With the development of economic and trade in the commercial port area, the modern civil and commercial legal system of Ji'nan has also been fully developed and accumulated a lot of literature and practical experience. On this basis, this article systematically combs the commercial legal system of the Ji'nan commercial port area in this period, and on the basis of a complete reappearance of the civil and commercial legal system in the late Qing Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty, Draw lessons from it, and provide historical experience for the present and future development of Ji'nan's civil and commercial legal system.
This paper analyzes the process of the legal system in the commercial port area of the late Qing Dynasty in seven parts. First, it analyzes the overall situation of the opening of the port in the late Qing Dynasty, and analyzes the overall situation of the opening of the port in China. In the face of the fact that the power of Germany is about to go into the inland of Shandong, Shandong will need to be modernized as a feudal city in Ji'nan. Demand. Summarizes the political, economic and cultural reasons for Ji'nan's opening port trade.
After determining the goal of opening ports, the Shandong authorities took Yuan Shikai and Zhou Fu as the leading role. The Qing Court opened Ji'nan, Zhoucun and Weixian into commercial ports.
The second part is the legal planning of the commercial port area. In the stage of the legal construction and planning of the commercial port district, the Shandong authorities have identified four key issues. The first is the demarcation of the opening position, which will choose to open the port and open up business in the other region outside the Ji'nan city; second in Ji'nan's opening regulations will be mainly referred to as "Zhili Qin Wang Island, Fujian San Du Australia, Hunan Yue Yue" State capital and so on has already opened the experience of the commercial port area and the reality of Ji'nan; third in the jurisdiction setting, Wei County, Zhoucun as the Ji'nan customs clearance existence, unified the Ji'nan commercial port management; finally, the establishment of the commercial port regulations need to "supervise Shandong Division Road and East customs, glue customs supervision, tax department and so on", can not be decided by the authorities alone.
On the basis of this principle, after a year's brewing, the three articles of Association - the constitution of the Ji'nan commercial port, the Charter of the commercial port of Ji'nan and the articles of association of the Ji'nan commercial port patrol are more than. This is the three basic legislative document of the initial period of the Ji'nan commercial port area, and the joint coordination of the three constitution plays a role in attracting investment and investment for the Ji'nan commercial port area. Set the tone, laying the foundation.
As a newly opened port, the commercial legal experience of the Ji'nan government is almost zero. Under this premise, how to make the three charter run well and how to make the economic development of the Ji'nan commercial port area be realized is a difficult problem in front of the Shandong authorities. The next three parts are parallel relations, from three The commercial legal system of Ji'nan commercial port area is analyzed.
The first is the commercial legislation. It mainly includes three parts, first of all, under the big background of the opening and opening up of the port in the late Qing Dynasty, the legislation of the commercial development of the Qing court; secondly, the legislative documents made by the Shandong authorities for the opening and opening up of the ports in Ji'nan, Zhoucun and Wei County, and the last of the three articles of Association for the Ji'nan commercial port area.
The second is the legal system of the chamber of Commerce. In the course of the development of the commercial law in the late Qing Dynasty, although there are a large number of legislative documents in the Qing court, in the process of implementation, the commercial legislation in the late Qing Dynasty is rigid and indifferent to the customs of Chinese commercial affairs in the western legal system, so it is difficult to play the role of practice. The organization of the most widely connected merchants has also played an important role in the operation of the commercial port area.
In the first stage of Ji'nan commercial port district, there are four kinds of informal institutions that affect the legal system of the commercial port area. First, the foreign merchants. With the opening of the port, a large number of foreign merchants poured into Ji'nan, and they have strong experience with strong financial background and rich business activities. Occupancy affects business customs of the commercial port area; second is the church. In the end of the Qing Dynasty, church organizations were missionary in China. By writing books and starting schools, they propagate advanced western culture to our people, especially advanced western legal ideas. The collision and exchange of ideas influenced the process of legal construction in the commercial port area to a certain extent; The third is the influence of the Gang nature organization. In the Ji'nan commercial port area, a gang nature organization occupies a part of the commercial port area to build a "new market", contributes to the development of small merchants in the commercial port area and the daily life of the residents; finally, it is the influence of the scale merchants on the commercial legal system.
The thesis then analyzes the influence of the commercial legal system on the construction of the commercial port area, and makes a comprehensive analysis of the actual effect. The last part analyses the achievements, characteristics and limitations of the legal system in the initial stage of the commercial port area, and has made a padding for the future development on the basis of the affirmation of the achievements.
In a word, the initial stage of the Ji'nan commercial port area is a stage of development for the commercial legal system. Various forces collide here, mature immature, foreign native, advanced and backward, influence each other in the process of collision, and make progress in the development and construction of the commercial port area. The exhibition laid a solid foundation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D929;D922.29

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