本文選題：海洋生物資源 + 保護(hù)與保全�。� 參考：《中國(guó)政法大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 海洋是“生命的搖籃”,對(duì)人類具有特殊的價(jià)值:整個(gè)海洋環(huán)境是一個(gè)流動(dòng)的整體,其本身就構(gòu)成一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的生態(tài)系統(tǒng),是全球生命支撐系統(tǒng)“水圈”的主要組成部分,是環(huán)境的重要調(diào)節(jié)器1;更重要的,海洋擁有異常豐富的生物資源、礦產(chǎn)資源、空間資源、化學(xué)資源、動(dòng)力資源和水資源等,被譽(yù)為資源的天然寶庫(kù)。 過(guò)去,人類認(rèn)為海洋資源取之不盡、用之不竭,但是隨著科技進(jìn)步、生產(chǎn)力提高,人類利用海洋資源的要求更加強(qiáng)烈2,海洋資源日益銳減,由此造成了一種新的資源問(wèn)題——海洋資源問(wèn)題。在此背景下,本文選取海洋資源問(wèn)題中的海洋生物資源為對(duì)象,立足本專業(yè)知識(shí),在國(guó)內(nèi)外已有資料和研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)海洋生物資源保護(hù)保全的現(xiàn)行國(guó)際法制進(jìn)行了分析并提出了自己的完善建議,希望借此研究對(duì)我國(guó)海洋生物資源保護(hù)保全的立法與實(shí)踐有所幫助。 本文正文共分四章。 第一章是海洋生物資源保護(hù)保全概述。這部分首先闡釋了幾個(gè)概念,主要包括海洋、海洋生物資源、海洋生物資源問(wèn)題和保護(hù)保全等;然后,分別介紹了海洋環(huán)境法制的歷史演變和海洋生物資源保護(hù)保全的立法背景;最后,剖析了構(gòu)建和完善海洋生物資源保護(hù)保全法制的必要性。 第二章介紹海洋生物資源保護(hù)保全的現(xiàn)行國(guó)際法制。這部分借鑒《聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法公約》的海洋劃分方法,分別論述了:內(nèi)海和領(lǐng)海的主權(quán)地位及其限制,特別闡述了領(lǐng)海的排他捕魚權(quán)、剩余捕撈權(quán)和傳統(tǒng)捕魚權(quán);毗連區(qū)和專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)內(nèi)生物資源的權(quán)利義務(wù)歸屬和養(yǎng)護(hù)利用制度,并專門論述了該區(qū)域內(nèi)特定魚種的保護(hù)保全制度;公海自由、公海生物資源保護(hù)保全的一般規(guī)定和其他法律規(guī)定;大陸架和國(guó)際海底區(qū)域生物資源的保護(hù)保全主要通過(guò)國(guó)際合作和防治污染;其他區(qū)域生物資源的保護(hù)保全也主要通過(guò)國(guó)際合作和規(guī)定權(quán)利義務(wù)。 第三章是海洋生物資源保護(hù)保全的現(xiàn)行國(guó)際法制評(píng)析。這章首先從內(nèi)容和影響上分別闡述了《聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法公約》對(duì)海洋生物資源保護(hù)保全的貢獻(xiàn);然后,根據(jù)前章的介紹順序,具體評(píng)析了各海域海洋生物資源保護(hù)保全法制的不足。 第四章提出海洋生物資源保護(hù)保全國(guó)際法制的完善建議。這些完善建議主要從四個(gè)方面考慮:第一是理念完善,既要確立可持續(xù)發(fā)展的理念基礎(chǔ),又要完善義務(wù)本位的法律理念;第二是法律制度完善,既要重構(gòu)海洋環(huán)境保護(hù)法制,又要完善輔助機(jī)制;第三是實(shí)踐機(jī)制完善,具體表現(xiàn)為完善保護(hù)區(qū)制度、完善環(huán)評(píng)機(jī)制和完善海洋生物多樣性的管理和保護(hù)。 最后結(jié)論部分是對(duì)全文觀點(diǎn)的總結(jié)。指出:必須加強(qiáng)國(guó)際合作和交流,重構(gòu)和完善海洋環(huán)境保護(hù)法制,加大海洋自然保護(hù)區(qū)等具體制度的研究、實(shí)踐和投入,努力建成世界范圍內(nèi)統(tǒng)一的海洋生物資源保護(hù)保全法制。
[Abstract]:The ocean is the cradle of life and of special value to mankind: the entire marine environment is a flowing whole, which in itself constitutes a unified ecosystem and a major component of the "water circle", the global life support system. The ocean is an important regulator of the environment. More importantly, the ocean is rich in biological resources, mineral resources, space resources, chemical resources, power resources and water resources, and is known as the natural treasure house of resources. In the past, human beings believed that marine resources were inexhaustible and inexhaustible, but with the progress of science and technology and the improvement of productivity, the demands of human beings for the utilization of marine resources became more and more intense, and the marine resources were declining day by day. As a result, a new kind of resource problem, the ocean resource problem, has been created. In this context, this paper selects marine living resources in marine resources as the object, based on this professional knowledge, on the basis of existing data and research results at home and abroad, This paper analyzes the current international legal system for the protection and preservation of marine living resources and puts forward its own perfect suggestions, hoping that the study will be helpful to the legislation and practice of the conservation of marine living resources in China. This text is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is an overview of the conservation of marine living resources. This part first explains several concepts, mainly including the ocean, marine living resources, marine living resources issues and protection and preservation, etc. The historical evolution of the legal system of marine environment and the legislative background of the protection and preservation of marine living resources are introduced respectively. Finally, the necessity of constructing and perfecting the legal system for the protection and preservation of marine living resources is analyzed. The second chapter introduces the current international legal system for the conservation of marine living resources. This part draws lessons from the maritime division method of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, and discusses the sovereign status and limitation of the inner sea and the territorial sea, especially the exclusive fishing right, the residual fishing right and the traditional fishing right in the territorial sea; The regime for the attribution and conservation of the rights and obligations of living resources in the contiguous zone and the exclusive economic zone, and the regime for the protection and preservation of specific species of fish in the region; the freedom of the high seas, General and other legal provisions for the protection and preservation of living resources on the high seas; protection and preservation of biological resources on the continental shelf and in the international seabed area mainly through international cooperation and prevention and control of pollution; Other regional protection and preservation of biological resources are mainly through international cooperation and rights and obligations. The third chapter is the marine living resources protection and preservation of the current international legal evaluation. This chapter begins with a description of the contribution of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea to the conservation of living marine resources in terms of content and impact, and then, in accordance with the order of presentation in the previous chapters, The deficiency of the legal system for the protection and preservation of marine living resources in various sea areas is analyzed concretely. The fourth chapter puts forward the suggestion of perfecting the international legal system of marine living resources protection and preservation. These suggestions are mainly considered from four aspects: the first is the perfection of the concept, which should be based on the concept of sustainable development, but also the perfection of the legal concept of the obligation standard, and the second is the perfection of the legal system, which should reconstruct the legal system of marine environmental protection. The third is to perfect the practical mechanism, which is embodied in the improvement of the system of protected areas, the improvement of the environmental assessment mechanism and the management and protection of marine biodiversity. The final conclusion is a summary of the views of the full text. It is pointed out that it is necessary to strengthen international cooperation and exchange, reconstruct and perfect the legal system of marine environmental protection, and increase the research, practice and input of specific systems such as marine nature reserves. Strive to build a unified worldwide marine living resources protection and preservation of the legal system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D996

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 陳旭;海洋自然保護(hù)區(qū)法律制度研究[D];遼寧大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：1840866