本文選題：參與民主 + 政府　； 參考：《南京航空航天大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：公共決策是政府實施管理和提供服務(wù)的主導方式,公民參與機制作為實現(xiàn)決策過程民主化與科學性的重要保障,其作用也不容忽視或小覷。同時,從當代民主理論的發(fā)展趨勢來看,“參與”一詞占據(jù)主導地位,參與民主理論一直是學界研究的熱點。參與民主理論強調(diào)真正的民主應(yīng)該是公民直接地、充分地參與到?jīng)Q策的整個過程中,其基本理念包含了積極自由、參與本身是目的以及公民德性。公共決策中公民參與機制是指公民或組織在涉及到影響切身利益的決策中,為充分表達意愿實現(xiàn)公共利益,通過有效方式主動地參與決策的制定、執(zhí)行、評估等環(huán)節(jié),并對決策結(jié)果產(chǎn)生一定影響的能動過程。參與民主理論就廣泛的參與主體、凝聚的公共精神、積極的公民德性、共識的公共利益方面做出的努力對構(gòu)建、完善公共決策中公民參與機制具有重要作用。然而當前我國公共決策中公民參與機制存在缺位與不足,陷入了“自上而下”的決策模式占主導地位、民意表達機制不健全、參與動力機制不足的困境。剖析公民參與機制缺位與不足的主要成因在于:公民參與和決策效率矛盾重重,參與決策的渠道不暢通,公民政治效能感低,參與意識與技能欠缺,存在“搭便車”心理。面對我國的現(xiàn)實狀況,在參與民主視閾下構(gòu)建并完善公共決策中公民參與機制應(yīng)從決策的信息收集、方案制定、執(zhí)行評估、修改完善等環(huán)節(jié)著手:一是完善信息公開制度、建立公民參與動力機制;二是鼓勵公共性的公民行動、建立多層次溝通渠道,完善民意表達機制;三是保持公民動態(tài)化參與,完善多元化監(jiān)督機制;四是建立網(wǎng)絡(luò)評議反饋機制,鼓勵公民為決策的修改完善獻計獻策,以提高決策的合理性和可接受性。
[Abstract]:Public decision-making is the leading way for the government to implement management and provide services. The mechanism of citizen participation, as an important guarantee to realize the democratization and science of decision-making process, can not be ignored or underestimated. At the same time, from the development trend of contemporary democratic theory, the word "participation" occupies a dominant position, and the theory of participatory democracy has always been a hot research topic in academic circles. The theory of participatory democracy emphasizes that the true democracy should be a citizen's direct and full participation in the whole process of decision-making. Its basic idea includes positive freedom, participation itself is the purpose and civic virtue. In public decision-making, citizen participation mechanism means that citizens or organizations participate actively in decision-making, execution, evaluation and so on, in order to fully express their will to realize public interests. And the dynamic process which has certain influence on the decision result. The theory of participatory democracy plays an important role in constructing and perfecting the mechanism of citizen participation in the construction and improvement of the mechanism of citizen participation in the aspects of broad participation subject, condensed public spirit, active civic virtue and consensus public interest. However, at present, the mechanism of citizen participation in public decision-making in our country is lacking and insufficient, which leads to the "top-down" decision-making mode, the unsound mechanism of public opinion expression and the lack of dynamic mechanism of participation. The main reasons for analyzing the absence and deficiency of citizen participation mechanism lie in: citizen participation and decision-making efficiency are full of contradictions, the channels of participation in decision-making are not smooth, the sense of civil political efficacy is low, the consciousness and skills of participation are lacking, and there is a "hitchhiking" mentality. In the face of the reality of our country, in order to construct and perfect the mechanism of citizen participation in public decision-making from the perspective of participatory democracy, we should start from the aspects of information collection, scheme formulation, implementation evaluation, modification and perfection of decision-making. First, we should improve the information disclosure system. The second is to encourage public citizen action, to establish multi-level communication channels and to perfect the expression mechanism of public opinion, the third is to maintain citizens' dynamic participation and improve the pluralistic supervision mechanism. Fourth, it is necessary to establish a network feedback mechanism to encourage citizens to make suggestions for the modification and improvement of the decision, so as to improve the rationality and acceptability of the decision.
【學位授予單位】：南京航空航天大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D630

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