本文選題：沃爾特·惠特曼　切入點(diǎn)：《草葉集》　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：惠特曼是19世紀(jì)美國(guó)偉大的民主詩(shī)人。在《草葉集》中,惠特曼打破傳統(tǒng)的詩(shī)歌格律,以"自由體"的形式歌唱自我,歌唱廣大勞動(dòng)人民,歌唱自由、平等、博愛的觀念,歌唱自己心中的民主理想�！恫萑~集》自出版以來(lái),便充滿了爭(zhēng)議,20世紀(jì)以后,越來(lái)越多的學(xué)者開始認(rèn)可并研究惠特曼詩(shī)歌中的民主思想,并從其中得到了諸多啟示與靈感。本文從細(xì)讀惠特曼的《草葉集》入手,通過(guò)分析詩(shī)句并結(jié)合當(dāng)時(shí)美國(guó)的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化和社會(huì)背景,總結(jié)歸納了惠特曼民主思想的三個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)——個(gè)人主義思想、集體意識(shí)、為民主而創(chuàng)作。通過(guò)對(duì)這三方面的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行分析,本文展示了惠特曼詩(shī)歌中體現(xiàn)的作為個(gè)體的人的發(fā)展思想,和作為集體的民族的發(fā)展理念,以及詩(shī)人在個(gè)人和集體的發(fā)展中應(yīng)該起到的作用。本論文分為五個(gè)部分。引言部分首先介紹了惠特曼及其作品《草葉集》,然后綜述了國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者在研究《草葉集》的民主思想中已經(jīng)取得的成就。第一章主要分析惠特曼的個(gè)人發(fā)展思想。培養(yǎng)實(shí)行民主、善于過(guò)民主生活的人是建設(shè)民主社會(huì)的基礎(chǔ)。理想的個(gè)人人格應(yīng)該具備一些必要的素質(zhì)——淳樸自然、道德良心、健康的體魄、自立自助�；萏芈J(rèn)為美國(guó)應(yīng)該擺脫歐洲傳統(tǒng)觀念的影響和束縛,培養(yǎng)更自立自主、更民主現(xiàn)代的人。第二章闡明了惠特曼的集體意識(shí)。個(gè)人和集體的關(guān)系是民主的一個(gè)重要問(wèn)題。民主的集體要為個(gè)人人格的發(fā)展提供自由、平等的環(huán)境,消除妨礙自然個(gè)性發(fā)展的因素。同時(shí),惠特曼認(rèn)為,在集體中,人與人之間有伙伴或同志的感情,是團(tuán)結(jié)友愛的伙伴關(guān)系,這種伙伴之愛凝結(jié)形成一個(gè)民主的集體。第三章主要說(shuō)明了惠特曼創(chuàng)作《草葉集》的目的�；萏芈J(rèn)為詩(shī)人應(yīng)該成為美國(guó)民主的發(fā)言人,為民族的精神獨(dú)立歌唱,為人民大眾歌唱。詩(shī)歌的內(nèi)容也應(yīng)該反映社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)�；萏芈Ｍ脑�(shī)歌能夠?qū)硐氲膫�(gè)人主義的形成和民主集體的形成產(chǎn)生積極的影響。本文結(jié)論得出,作為惠特曼的代表作和畢生的心血,《草葉集》充分體現(xiàn)了詩(shī)人的民主思想�；萏芈谠�(shī)歌中展現(xiàn)出了一個(gè)大眾化的、典型的個(gè)人形象,也描寫了對(duì)美好民主社會(huì)的暢想。他的民主思想對(duì)個(gè)人人格和民主的發(fā)展具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:Whitman was a great American democratic poet in the 19 th century.In the leaves of the Grass, Whitman breaks the traditional rules of poetry, sings himself in the form of "free body", sings about the working people, sings the concepts of freedom, equality, and fraternity.Since its publication, more and more scholars have recognized and studied the democratic ideas in Whitman's poems, and got a lot of enlightenment and inspiration from them.This paper begins with a close reading of Whitman's Collection of Grass leaves, and through analyzing the poems and combining the political, economic, cultural and social backgrounds of the United States at that time, summarizes and sums up three key points of Whitman's democratic thought-individualism and collective consciousness.Create for democracy.Through the analysis of these three aspects, this paper shows Whitman's thought of human development as an individual and the concept of national development as a collective, as well as the role that poets should play in the development of individuals and collectives.This paper is divided into five parts.The introduction first introduces Whitman and his works, "the collection of grass leaves", and then summarizes the achievements of scholars at home and abroad in the study of the democratic ideas of "the collection of grass leaves".The first chapter mainly analyzes Whitman's personal development thought.Cultivating and practicing democracy and being good at living a democratic life is the foundation of building a democratic society.Ideal personal personality should have some necessary qualities-simple nature, moral conscience, healthy physique, self-help.Whitman believes that the United States should free itself from the influence and bondage of traditional European ideas and foster more independent, democratic and modern people.The second chapter expounds Whitman's collective consciousness.The relationship between individual and collective is an important issue in democracy.A democratic collective should provide a free and equal environment for the development of individual personality and eliminate the factors hindering the development of natural personality.At the same time, Whitman believes that in a collective, there is a partnership between people, a partnership of unity and fraternity, which condenses into a democratic collective.The third chapter mainly explains the purpose of Whitman's creation of leaves of Grass.Whitman believed that the poet should become the spokesman of American democracy, sing for the nation's spiritual independence, and sing for the people.The content of poetry should also reflect social reality.Whitman hopes that his poems will have a positive impact on the formation of ideal individualism and democratic collectivity.The conclusion of this paper is that, as Whitman's masterpiece and the painstaking effort of his life, the anthology of leaves of Grass fully embodies the poet's democratic thought.Whitman presents a popular and typical personal image in his poems, and describes a vision of a better democratic society.His democratic thought is of great significance to the development of individual personality and democracy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：I712.072

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