本文選題：法治政府　切入點(diǎn)：治理理論　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：建設(shè)什么樣的政府一直是人類社會(huì)生活中的一個(gè)重要議題。在近現(xiàn)代歷史上,先后出現(xiàn)過多種理想型政府的主張。以經(jīng)濟(jì)自由主義為前提,政府的角色被認(rèn)為應(yīng)該是守夜人式的政府,管得越少的政府被認(rèn)為是最好的政府。自20世紀(jì)30年代大蕭條之后,隨著政府干預(yù)主義的提出,政府被認(rèn)為應(yīng)該成為干預(yù)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的另一只“看得見的手”,積極干預(yù)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的政府又被認(rèn)為是理想的政府。然而,到了七十、八十年代,伴隨著信息化的來臨,全球化、市場(chǎng)化程度的加深,整個(gè)世界發(fā)生了根本變化,經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整和科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展對(duì)公共行政提出了更高的要求。傳統(tǒng)的政府管理越來越不能適應(yīng)社會(huì)的變化,無法解決政府所面臨的諸多問題與困境。于是,治理理論于二十世紀(jì)九十年代應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。治理理論提出社會(huì)公共事務(wù)應(yīng)該由多個(gè)治理主體共同承擔(dān)、共同管理,而政府作為治理主體中最重要的一環(huán)也應(yīng)該改變其以往對(duì)社會(huì)的單純自上而下的管理轉(zhuǎn)而加強(qiáng)與其他治理主體的合作。我國也在上世紀(jì)九十年代治理理論興起之時(shí)將其引入中國并加以研究和中國化。我國對(duì)治理理論的研究多集中于概念的研究,而比較少有對(duì)中國治理實(shí)踐的歷時(shí)性梳理和特點(diǎn)的歸納。而治理理論正是為解決當(dāng)前中國政府實(shí)踐中所面臨的現(xiàn)實(shí)性問題而引入中國的。因此,有必要對(duì)我國的政府治理實(shí)踐進(jìn)行研究并在當(dāng)前建設(shè)法治中國的背景下對(duì)政府治理實(shí)踐出現(xiàn)的問題進(jìn)行梳理。新中國成立以來,我國政府治理實(shí)踐經(jīng)過了三個(gè)階段的變化。建國之初至改革開放之前,我國的政府治理實(shí)踐是以意識(shí)形態(tài)為導(dǎo)向的。政府對(duì)社會(huì)的管理是全能式的,并且這種管理是深入到社會(huì)生活的每一個(gè)角落。社會(huì)成員的一切活動(dòng)都被納入到行政管理體系下。改革開放之后,國家權(quán)力逐漸向社會(huì)回歸,政府的工作重心逐漸向保證和促進(jìn)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展上去。自九十年代以來,隨著治理理論和法治政府目標(biāo)的提出,我國政府治理實(shí)踐開始向著更民主、更開放、法治化程度更高的方向發(fā)展。然而,雖然我國政府治理在實(shí)踐中取得了很大的進(jìn)步,不可否認(rèn)的是,我國政府治理實(shí)踐仍存在許多問題。首先,我國政府在很多方面存在有不當(dāng)?shù)男姓深A(yù),而在另一些方面則又缺乏監(jiān)管。其次,雖然我國政府治理實(shí)踐開始由單純的行政管理向提供更多更優(yōu)質(zhì)的公共服務(wù)的側(cè)重點(diǎn)變化,但是我國政府提供的公共服務(wù)具有較大的地區(qū)性差異,在均等化層面上需要加強(qiáng)。最后,同樣作為治理主體的社會(huì)組織和市場(chǎng)組織的自主發(fā)展空間有限,仍然在參與社會(huì)公共事務(wù)管理的過程中受到政府行政行為的一定程度上的限制。這些問題的存在都成為我國建設(shè)治理型政府的阻礙。解決這些問題的關(guān)鍵都在于合理限制政府的行政權(quán)力。法治政府不僅是我國目前理想型的政府治理模式,建設(shè)法治政府也是解決我國政府治理實(shí)踐中存在的問題的有效途徑。首先,法治政府建設(shè)離不開政府治理的依法確權(quán)、限權(quán)和行權(quán)。要減少和避免目前政府治理實(shí)踐中存在的不當(dāng)行政干預(yù),就要切實(shí)將政府的權(quán)力限制在一定范圍內(nèi),并且保障行政權(quán)力可以依法在該范圍內(nèi)執(zhí)行。其次,構(gòu)建法治政府要求政府對(duì)社會(huì)組織和市場(chǎng)參與公共事務(wù)給予充分的權(quán)利保障。由于我國缺乏社會(huì)組織和市場(chǎng)主體自主發(fā)展的歷史和傳統(tǒng),除了簡(jiǎn)化行政審批手續(xù)外,政府還應(yīng)該創(chuàng)造條件,鼓勵(lì)社會(huì)組織和市場(chǎng)的自治。最后,以均等化為目標(biāo)提供公正而優(yōu)質(zhì)的公共服務(wù)應(yīng)該成為新時(shí)期法治政府建設(shè)的一個(gè)重要著力點(diǎn)。為全國人民提供以均等化為目標(biāo)的公共服務(wù),并不應(yīng)該僅僅是某一個(gè)地區(qū)的地方性政府的責(zé)任,而應(yīng)該由中央政府、法律共同支持。在法治中國建設(shè)的大背景下,無論是建設(shè)法治政府還是政府由單純管理向合作治理,其核心都是將政府的行政權(quán)力限制在一定范圍內(nèi)。在當(dāng)下中國,制約政府權(quán)力的關(guān)鍵不但在于加強(qiáng)司法監(jiān)督力度,而更在于鼓勵(lì)和保障市場(chǎng)主體、公民社會(huì)通過直接或間接的方式參與到政府權(quán)力制約中來。將市場(chǎng)主體、公民社會(huì)參與政府權(quán)力制約的活動(dòng)納入國家制度化體系,也契合法治中國建設(shè)和治理理論的內(nèi)在要求。
[Abstract]:What kind of government has been an important issue in human society. In modern history, there has been a variety of ideal government claims. With economic liberalism as the premise, the role of the government should be considered the watchman style government, tube less government is considered to be the best government. Since the Great Depression of 1930s, with the intervention of government, government should be considered as a "visible hand" intervention in economic development, economic development and government intervention is considered to be an ideal government. However, in seventy, 80s, with the advent of information technology, globalization. The degree of marketization, fundamental changes have taken place in the whole world, the adjustment of economic structure and development of science and technology put forward higher request to the public administration. The traditional government management is becoming more and more cannot adapt to The change of the society, can not solve the many problems and difficulties faced by the government. Thus, governance theory came into being in 1990s. The governance theory of public affairs should be shared by multiple governance subjects, co management, and the government as the most important part of governance should also change the previous simple top-down on social management to strengthen the cooperation with other governance bodies. China is also in the last century in 90s when the rise of the governance theory is introduced and studied Chinese and China. Research on China's research on governance theory focused on the concept, and less on Chinese governance practices of the diachronic sort and characteristic of induction. The governance theory is to solve practical problems faced by the current government Chinese practice and the introduction of China. Therefore, it is necessary for our government governance Research and practice of government governance practice in combing the background of the construction of the rule of law under the Chinese problem. Since the new Chinese was established, our government governance practice after three stages. Before the beginning of the founding of the reform and opening up, the practice of government governance in our country is based on Ideology oriented. Management of the government the society is the universal type, and the management is deep into every corner of social life. All members of the society have been incorporated into the administrative management system. After the reform and opening up, the state power gradually return to the society, the government's focus gradually to ensure and promote social and economic development. Since 90s. With the development of the theory of governance and the rule of law, government, the Chinese government governance practice toward more democratic, more open, more high degree of the rule of law in the direction of development. However, although in China The government has made great progress in practice, it is undeniable that the Chinese government governance practice there are still many problems. First, the Chinese government in many ways there are improper administrative interference, but in other ways and lack of supervision. Secondly, although the Chinese government governance practice started by the administrative simply to provide more quality services to the public focus of change, but the Chinese government to provide public service with regional differences, the equalization level need to be strengthened. Finally, the same as the independent development of space governance of social organization and market organization, to a certain extent is still subject to the administrative action of the government in the process of participation in public affairs in the limit. These problems become the governance construction of China obstacles. The key to solve these problems is reasonable Limit the executive power of the government. The government under the rule of law in our country at present is not only the ideal type of government governance mode, effective way of building a government under the rule of law is to solve China's government governance problems in practice. First of all, the law is indeed the right law government cannot do without the government governance, limited rights and exercise. In order to reduce or avoid the existing government governance practice improper administrative intervention, the power of the government should be limited in a certain range, and to ensure the administrative power according to the law can be executed in the scope. Secondly, constructing the government under the rule of law requires the government to guarantee full rights to social organization and market participation in public affairs. Because of the lack of social organizations and independent market subject the development of history and tradition, in addition to simplify the administrative examination and approval procedures, the government should also create conditions to encourage social organizations and market autonomy. Finally, for equalization Objective to provide fair and high-quality public services should be the rule of law government construction in the new period is an important focal point. In order to provide equalization as the goal of the public service for the people of the whole country, should not only be in a certain area of local government responsibility, and should be made by the central government, the legal background of the common support. The rule of law Chinese construction, both the construction of government under the rule of law and government from management to governance, is the core of the government's administrative power is restricted within a certain range. In the present China, key to restrict the power of the government not only in strengthening the judicial supervision, but to encourage and protect the main body of the market, civil society participation to restrict the government power in a direct or indirect way. The main body of the market, civil society participation in the government the power to restrict the activities into the system of state system, also the rule of law China deed The internal requirements of the theory of construction and governance.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D630

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