本文選題：污泥灰　切入點(diǎn)：微晶玻璃　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：城市污泥量隨城市化規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大在不斷增加,污泥熱解技術(shù)以其特有的優(yōu)勢成為污泥處理處置的重要途徑。污泥熱解后會產(chǎn)生一些副產(chǎn)物——污泥灰,如何實(shí)現(xiàn)其資源化、無害化成為研究熱點(diǎn)。微晶玻璃為一種新型材料,其附加值高,配料范圍寬、對重金屬固化效果好,得到廣泛應(yīng)用�；诖巳藗冮_始利用污泥灰制備微晶玻璃,研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)污泥灰利用率不高,集中在20%~60%,其中熱處理?xiàng)l件的控制是決定微晶玻璃性能的關(guān)鍵因素,本文在提高污泥灰利用率基礎(chǔ)上,對熱處理?xiàng)l件進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,采用微波法制備出性能優(yōu)良的微晶玻璃。 本研究以污泥灰為主要原料設(shè)計(jì)了污泥灰微晶玻璃的配方,污泥灰添加量高達(dá)79.05%,對其熱處理過程條件進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化控制,制備出了性能良好的微晶玻璃。運(yùn)用XRF分析污泥灰中的化學(xué)成分,以微波為熱源進(jìn)行基礎(chǔ)玻璃的熔制,確定最佳的熔制工藝條件。對燒制出的基礎(chǔ)玻璃進(jìn)行DTA差熱分析測試,確定最佳的熱處理制度。因核化階段對微晶玻璃的晶相形成影響較小,本研究重點(diǎn)對污泥灰微晶玻璃的晶化溫度和晶化時(shí)間進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化,采用XRD和SEM分析試樣的析晶種類、形態(tài)等微觀結(jié)構(gòu),確定最佳的熱處理?xiàng)l件。最后采用TCLP法和Tessier五步連續(xù)提取法對污泥灰微晶玻璃的浸出毒性及其重金屬的形態(tài)分布進(jìn)行研究,從而表征樣品對重金屬的固化效果。 試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:污泥熱解后的固體殘留物摻加量高達(dá)79.05%,相比于已有的污泥灰用量提高了23%,在三層圓柱形剛玉反應(yīng)器中,以微波為熱源,得出制備污泥灰基礎(chǔ)玻璃熔制工藝的最佳參數(shù)為:以50℃/min的升溫速率,升至750℃,保溫15min。以污泥灰基礎(chǔ)玻璃為原料,重點(diǎn)考察熱處理過程中的晶化溫度和晶化時(shí)間,確定最佳的熱處理?xiàng)l件,試驗(yàn)表明當(dāng)晶化溫度為1000℃,晶化時(shí)間為2h時(shí),制得的污泥灰基礎(chǔ)玻璃結(jié)晶度最大,此時(shí)晶體的主晶相為鈣長石和透輝石的混合晶相,此時(shí)的樣品體積密度為2.7g/cm~3,吸水率為0.025%,其耐堿性強(qiáng)于耐酸性,顯微硬度達(dá)8.25GPa,抗彎強(qiáng)度達(dá)70.642GPa,制得的樣品具有很好的理化性能,得出了制備性能優(yōu)良的污泥灰微晶玻璃的熱處理?xiàng)l件為核化溫度820℃,核化時(shí)間1h,晶化溫度1000℃,晶化時(shí)間2h。最后對制得的污泥灰微晶玻璃的重金屬固化效果進(jìn)行了研究,結(jié)果表明樣品中重金屬的浸出量低于國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn),重金屬的形態(tài)主要轉(zhuǎn)化成以殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)形式存在,這種形態(tài)在環(huán)境中是穩(wěn)定的,從而證實(shí)了污泥灰微晶玻璃的可應(yīng)用性。
[Abstract]:With the expansion of the scale of urbanization, sludge pyrolysis technology has become an important way of sludge treatment and disposal with its unique advantages. After sludge pyrolysis, some by-products, sludge ash, can be produced, and how to realize the utilization of sludge pyrolysis. The innocuity of glass-ceramics is a new material with high added value, wide range of ingredients, good solidification effect on heavy metals, and has been widely used. Therefore, people began to prepare glass-ceramics with sludge ash. It is found that the utilization ratio of sludge ash is not high, and the sludge ash utilization rate is concentrated at 20%, in which the control of heat treatment conditions is the key factor to determine the properties of glass-ceramics. On the basis of improving the utilization ratio of sludge ash, the heat treatment conditions are optimized in this paper. Glass-ceramics with excellent properties were prepared by microwave method. In this study, the formula of sludge ash glass-ceramics was designed with sludge ash as the main raw material. The amount of sludge ash added was as high as 79.05, and the heat treatment process conditions were optimized and controlled. A kind of glass ceramics with good properties was prepared. The chemical composition of sludge ash was analyzed by XRF, the base glass was melted with microwave as heat source, and the optimum melting process conditions were determined. The DTA differential thermal analysis (DTA) test of the base glass was carried out. Because the nucleation stage has little effect on the crystal phase formation of the glass-ceramics, the crystallization temperature and the crystallization time of the sludge-ash glass-ceramics were optimized in this study. The crystallization types of the samples were analyzed by XRD and SEM. Finally, the leaching toxicity of sludge ash glass-ceramics and the speciation distribution of heavy metals were studied by TCLP method and Tessier five-step continuous extraction method. Thus, the solidification effect of the sample on heavy metals was characterized. The results showed that the amount of solid residue after pyrolysis of sludge was as high as 79.05, and the amount of sludge ash was increased by 23%. Microwave was used as heat source in a three-layer cylindrical corundum reactor. The optimum parameters of the process are as follows: heating rate of 50 鈩，

本文編號：1662399