本文選題：司馬遷　切入點：班固　出處：《西南大學》2010年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】： 《史記》、《漢書》是研究秦漢史最基本的文獻資料,歷來為學界所重視,比較研究二書的異同點是學者采用的基本方法。本文的研究是在前人對二書的各種研究成果和二書比較研究的成果上從法制觀的視角展開的�！妒酚洝泛汀稘h書》是考察兩大史家思想的主要載體,所以此命題的著力點在兩書中彰顯作者思想觀的部分。 司馬遷和班固的法制觀有繼承和改造的關系。司馬遷的思想注重究和變,班固的思想注重通和博。二者法制觀的總體價值取向就在這里,表現(xiàn)在三個方面：一個是法制和天下秩序的價值取向,一個是法制和君王關系的價值取向,一個是法制和道德的價值取向。從這三個方面可以看到二者的相同點和差異性。 司馬遷和班固法制觀可資比較的主要是五個方面,即法的起源,立法觀,司法觀,法制改革觀,法制和禮樂的關系等方面,這些方面是作者價值取向的基礎。在法的起源方面,二者皆不同程度的具有法制起源于天的思想；立法觀上,司馬遷和班固都主張立法要有信度,立法者以身作則,約法省禁,體恤民情,二者在法令導民的功能認識上及需要什么樣的法才能使得社會了良性運作存在差異；司法觀上,司馬遷和班固都主張寬刑,罪刑得當,慎法度,罪疑者予民等,不同在于受儒家思想影響程度不同等；司馬遷主張即時變革法制,班固主張更化,謹慎變革；在法制和禮樂關系上存在著一定的差異。通過比較可以看出,二者法制觀同大于異,而且異中有同。 關于二者法制觀差異產(chǎn)生的原因,如《史記》是私人著書,《漢書》則經(jīng)皇帝預覽,對漢王朝的感情必有所不同；寫作動機不同；司馬遷經(jīng)過李陵之禍,身心俱受傷害,班固也曾下獄,但遭遇不可同日而語；司馬遷父親司馬談作《論六家旨要》,其主導思想是道家的,班固父親班彪作《天命論》,其主導思想是用儒家思想維護劉漢政權,但是起根本作用的是思想淵源和社會的影響兩個因素。
[Abstract]:The Book of the Han Dynasty is the most basic document in the history of the Qin and Han dynasties, and has always been attached great importance to by the academic circles. The comparative study of the similarities and differences of the two books is the basic method adopted by scholars. The research in this paper is carried out from the perspective of the viewpoint of the legal system in the various research achievements of the two books and the comparative research results of the two books. < Records of History > and < Han Shu >. Is the main carrier of the two historians' thoughts. Therefore, the focus of this proposition is to highlight the author's ideas in the two books. Si Maqian and Ban Gu's views on the rule of law have a relationship of inheritance and transformation. Si Maqian's thought focuses on investigation and change, and ban Gu's thought pays attention to communication and Bo. The overall value orientation of the two views on legal system is here. It is shown in three aspects: one is the value orientation of the legal system and the world order, the other is the value orientation of the relationship between the legal system and the king, the other is the value orientation of the legal system and the morality, from which we can see the similarities and differences between the two. There are five aspects that can be compared between Si Maqian and Ban Gu's views on legal system, that is, the origin of law, the concept of legislation, the view of judicature, the view of legal reform, the relationship between legal system and etiquette and music, etc. These aspects are the basis of the author's value orientation. In terms of the origin of law, both of them have the idea that the legal system originates from heaven in varying degrees. In the view of legislation, Si Maqian and Ban Gu both advocate that the legislation should be credible, and the legislator set an example by setting an example and binding the law to proscription. Considerate of the people, they have different understanding of the function of the law guiding the people and what kind of law is needed to make the society operate in a benign way. In the judicial view, Si Maqian and Ban Gu both advocate lenient punishment, appropriate punishment for crimes, discretion of law, giving to the people by suspects of crime, and so on. The difference lies in the fact that the degree of influence of Confucianism is not equal; Si Maqian advocates immediate reform of the legal system, Ban Gu advocates more change, and cautious change; there are certain differences in the legal system and the relationship between etiquette and music. From the comparison, we can see, The two views on legal system are more common than different, and there are similarities among them. The reasons for the difference between the two views on legal system, such as "Records of the historian" is a private book, "Han Book" is previewed by the emperor, the feelings towards the Han Dynasty must be different, the motive of writing is different, Si Maqian is injured both physically and mentally after the misfortune of Li Ling. Ban Gu also went to prison, but his encounter was not comparable. Si Maqian's father, Sima, talked about "on the principles of six Schools", and his leading thought was Taoism, and his father, Ban Biao, wrote "the Theory of fate", and his leading thought was to maintain the power of Liu Han with Confucian ideas. But it is the origin of thought and the influence of society that play a fundamental role.
【學位授予單位】：西南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：I206.2

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