本文關(guān)鍵詞： 民主 立法 機(jī)制 制度完善　出處：《遼寧師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：2011年3月，吳邦國委員長在十一屆全國人大四次會議第二次全體大會上宣布，我國已經(jīng)建成了具有中國特色的社會主義法律體系。隨著我國法制進(jìn)程的不斷發(fā)展，迫切需要將民主立法活動的途徑和程序制度化、程序化、科學(xué)化。作為立法者，要在立法活動中堅(jiān)守民主原則，不斷暢通公民參與立法的渠道。本文分析了民主立法的內(nèi)涵，回顧了我國在民主立法道路上的探索歷程，對比國外民主立法實(shí)踐，對我國民主立法機(jī)制的建設(shè)及完善提出了些許建議。 本文共包括四個部分，首先闡釋了民主立法機(jī)制的基本概念。該部分首先從直接民主、間接民主、參與民主與協(xié)商民主等不同角度，剖析了民主的含義；接著又立足法理學(xué)視角，對立法的釋義進(jìn)行了深入闡釋，最后在簡單介紹社會的激勵機(jī)制、制約機(jī)制與功能機(jī)制的基礎(chǔ)上，通過自己的理解，給出了民主立法機(jī)制的定義。其次，深入剖析了民主立法機(jī)制的理論基礎(chǔ)。該部分重點(diǎn)介紹了民主立法機(jī)制的三個理論淵源：一是人民主權(quán)學(xué)說，闡釋了立法權(quán)的來源或歸屬。二是政治參與理論，明晰了民主立法的實(shí)現(xiàn)途徑。三是協(xié)商民主理論，提供了實(shí)現(xiàn)民主的另一種思維模式。通過對這三個方面的理論研究，以期對接下來的民主立法機(jī)制的構(gòu)建論述奠定理論基礎(chǔ)。再次，介紹了我國民主立法機(jī)制的建設(shè)進(jìn)程，并提出了現(xiàn)存的問題。該部分首先以歷史視角回顧了我國自建國以來民主立法的進(jìn)程，分析了每一階段我國民主立法的特點(diǎn)，總結(jié)了我國民主立法工作的突出成就，在此基礎(chǔ)上提出我國民主立法在立法主體、立法準(zhǔn)備、立法公開與立法聽證等方面存在的主要問題。最后，，針對第三部分存在的問題，提出了完善我國民主立法機(jī)制的具體設(shè)想。該部分按照我國立法程序所要經(jīng)歷的一般環(huán)節(jié)，在前三章論述的基礎(chǔ)上，提出了建設(shè)民主立法所要形成的四種機(jī)制。這四種機(jī)制分別是立法參與的引導(dǎo)機(jī)制、立法提案的供求機(jī)制、立法通過的聽證機(jī)制與立法效果的評估機(jī)制。從積極培育“參與型”公民入手，引導(dǎo)公民更好的提出立法草案，同時(shí)完善草案的征集與論證制度，加強(qiáng)立法項(xiàng)目、草案起草、立法文件與資料及審議的全程公開，設(shè)立立法聽證制度與效果評估制度，將立法權(quán)“關(guān)進(jìn)制度的籠子里，回歸民眾的掌心中”。
[Abstract]:On March 2011, chairman Wu Bangguo announced at the second plenary session of the four meeting of the eleven National People's Congress, China has built up the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics. With the development process of China's legal system, an urgent need to approach and procedure system, democratic legislative activities program, scientific. As a legislator to adhere to the principles of democracy, in legislative activities, and constantly open the citizen participation in the legislative channels. This paper analyzes the connotation of democratic legislation, this paper reviews the exploration history of China in the democratic legislation on the road to democracy, compared to the foreign legislative practice, the construction of the mechanism of democratic legislation in China and put forward some suggestions to perfect.
This paper consists of four parts, the basic concept firstly explains the mechanism of democratic legislation. This part starts from direct democracy, indirect democracy, participatory democracy and deliberative democracy from different angles, analyzes the meaning of democracy; then based on the perspective of jurisprudence, the legislative interpretation in depth interpretation, finally introduces the incentive mechanism the society, restricting mechanism and function mechanism, through their own understanding of the definition of democratic legislation mechanism is given. Secondly, analysis the theoretical basis of democratic legislation mechanism. The three part focuses on the theoretical origin of the democratic legislative mechanism: one is the people's sovereignty theory, explains the source of legislative power or the home. The two is the theory of political participation, clear way to achieve democratic legislation. The three is the theory of deliberative democracy, provides another thinking mode of democracy. Based on these three aspects Study on the theory, mechanism of democratic legislation in order to build the next paper laid a theoretical basis. Thirdly, introduces the mechanism of democratic legislation of our country construction process, and puts forward the existing problems. The first part reviews the historical perspective to process since the founding of our country democratic legislation, analysis of China's democratic legislation the characteristics of each stage, summarizes the outstanding achievements of democratic legislation in China, on the basis of our democratic legislation in the legislative body, legislative preparations, main problems of legislation of public and legislative hearing etc.. Finally, aiming at the problems of the third part, puts forward some suggestions of perfecting the mechanism of democratic legislation in our country. The part of the general link to experience according to China's legislative process, on the basis of previous three chapters, puts forward four kinds of mechanisms to form the construction of democratic legislation. The four mechanisms respectively is the legislative Guide the participation mechanism, supply and demand mechanism of legislation, legislative hearing mechanism and effect evaluation mechanism through legislation. From actively cultivate the "participation" of citizens, to guide citizens to put forward the draft legislation, at the same time improve the draft solicitation and evaluation system, strengthening the legislation, the drafting of the draft legislation throughout the public documents and data and consider the establishment of evaluation system of legislative hearing system and effect, the legislative power "caging system, the return to the people in the palm".

【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D920.0

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