本文關(guān)鍵詞： 三江自然保護(hù)區(qū) 濕地 保護(hù) 法治　出處：《東北林業(yè)大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：三江自然保護(hù)區(qū)位于黑龍江省東北部撫遠(yuǎn)縣和同江市境內(nèi),是內(nèi)陸濕地與水域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)類型的國家級自然保護(hù)區(qū),主要保護(hù)對象是由水生和陸棲生物及其生境共同形成的沼澤濕地。三江自然保護(hù)區(qū)擁有東北地區(qū)保留最為完整的淡水沼澤生態(tài)系統(tǒng),保護(hù)區(qū)的建立對維護(hù)區(qū)域生物多樣性,提高調(diào)蓄洪水和防災(zāi)減災(zāi)能力,促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)、資源、環(huán)境的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展,確保生態(tài)安全,實現(xiàn)三江濕地的可持續(xù)發(fā)展都具有重大的戰(zhàn)略意義。但是,三江自然保護(hù)區(qū)目前也面臨著制約其可持續(xù)發(fā)展的諸多法治問題,如濕地保護(hù)法律體系不完善、管理體制不健全、社區(qū)居民保護(hù)意識薄弱等等,這使得保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)非法開墾濕地、過度利用資源等現(xiàn)象日益嚴(yán)重,造成濕地面積日益減小、生態(tài)環(huán)境日益惡化、濕地景觀大量消失、生物多樣性遭到嚴(yán)重破壞,濕地原有的降解污染、調(diào)節(jié)氣候、控制洪水等功能逐漸減弱,致使洪澇災(zāi)害頻發(fā)、濕地環(huán)境污染加劇。保護(hù)區(qū)的濕地保護(hù)工作正面臨著嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn),一系列的法治問題亟需解決。 本文采用分析、比較、歸納的方法,通過對三江自然保護(hù)區(qū)存在的法治問題的研究,在借鑒外國先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗和發(fā)展趨勢的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了解決這些法治問題的設(shè)想。全文共分為五個部分：第一部分為緒論,對國內(nèi)外濕地保護(hù)法治問題研究現(xiàn)狀作了介紹,并闡述了本文研究的目的和意義；第二部分介紹了三江自然保護(hù)區(qū)的自然概況、保護(hù)對象及意義、生態(tài)特征、歷史沿革；第二部分分析了三江自然保護(hù)區(qū)存在的法治問題,如現(xiàn)行法律保障不足、依法監(jiān)管不到位、生態(tài)補(bǔ)償制度不健全等；第四部分介紹了美國、澳大利亞及日本在濕地保護(hù)中的先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗,并得到了啟示與借鑒；第五部分是本文的核心和重點,提出了完善三江自然保護(hù)區(qū)法治問題的設(shè)想,包括制定三江自然保護(hù)區(qū)地方法規(guī)并明確立法目的、立法原則、制度框架及法律責(zé)任,建全保護(hù)區(qū)專管機(jī)制、環(huán)境影響評價制度及生態(tài)補(bǔ)償制度,建立保護(hù)區(qū)開發(fā)許可證制度及社區(qū)共管制度,法律法規(guī)的完善及一系列制度的建立健全,這對于三江自然保護(hù)區(qū)濕地保護(hù)工作的更好開展,期待可以起到比較重要的作用。
[Abstract]:Located in Fuyuan County and Tongjiang City in northeastern Heilongjiang Province, Sanjiang Nature Reserve is a national nature reserve of inland wetland and water ecosystem type. The main protection objects are swamp wetlands formed by aquatic and terrestrial organisms and their habitats. Sanjiang Nature Reserve has the most complete freshwater swamp ecosystem in Northeast China. It is of great strategic significance to improve the capacity of flood control and disaster prevention and mitigation, to promote the coordinated development of economy, resources and environment, to ensure ecological security and to realize the sustainable development of Sanjiang wetland. At present, Sanjiang Nature Reserve also faces many legal problems that restrict its sustainable development, such as imperfect legal system of wetland protection, imperfect management system, weak consciousness of community residents' protection, and so on, which makes the illegal reclamation of wetlands in the reserve. The phenomenon of excessive utilization of resources is becoming more and more serious, resulting in the wetland area decreasing day by day, the ecological environment worsening day by day, the wetland landscape disappearing in large quantities, the biodiversity being seriously destroyed, the original degradation pollution of the wetland, regulating the climate. Flood control and other functions are gradually weakened, resulting in frequent flood disasters, wetland environmental pollution intensified. Wetland protection in the reserve is facing severe challenges, a series of legal problems need to be solved. This paper adopts the methods of analysis, comparison and induction, through the study of the rule of law existing in Sanjiang Nature Reserve, on the basis of drawing lessons from the advanced experience and developing trend of foreign countries. The article is divided into five parts: the first part is the introduction, introduces the domestic and foreign wetland protection and rule of law research status, and expounds the purpose and significance of this study; The second part introduces the nature situation, protection object and significance, ecological characteristics and historical evolution of Sanjiang Nature Reserve. The second part analyzes the legal problems existing in Sanjiang Nature Reserve, such as insufficient legal protection. Part 4th introduces the advanced experience of the United States, Australia and Japan in wetland protection, and gets inspiration and reference. Part 5th is the core and focus of this paper. This paper puts forward some ideas on how to perfect the rule of law in Sanjiang Nature Reserve, including making local laws and regulations of Sanjiang Nature Reserve and clarifying the legislative purpose, legislative principles, system framework and legal responsibility, and establishing the special management mechanism of the whole nature reserve. The environmental impact assessment system and ecological compensation system, the establishment of reserve development license system and community co-management system, the improvement of laws and regulations and the establishment of a series of systems are better for the wetland protection work of Sanjiang Nature Reserve. Expectation can play a more important role.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：X37

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