本文關(guān)鍵詞： 聚氯乙烯（PVC） 高溫相轉(zhuǎn)化法 混合溶劑 添加劑 共混　出處：《華東理工大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文利用高溫相轉(zhuǎn)化法制備了聚氯乙烯(PVC)平板微孔膜,研究了PVC成膜過(guò)程中的熱力學(xué)和動(dòng)力學(xué)影響因素,提出了較為系統(tǒng)的膜結(jié)構(gòu)控制方法,通過(guò)采用不同添加劑,以及共混的方法改善了PVC微孔膜的親水性能。 首先,采用高溫NIPS法,以水溶性酯γ-丁內(nèi)酯(GBL)與常用溶劑N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)作為混合溶劑,通過(guò)計(jì)算此混合溶劑體系與PVC的溶度參數(shù)差,判斷鑄膜液的熱力學(xué)穩(wěn)定性,結(jié)果表明隨著γ-丁內(nèi)酯的含量升高,溶解度參數(shù)差△δs-p逐漸升高,鑄膜液的熱力學(xué)穩(wěn)定性逐漸降低。同時(shí)實(shí)驗(yàn)表明：隨著DMAc/GBL質(zhì)量比增大,膜表面孔增多,整個(gè)膜截面結(jié)構(gòu)由海綿狀逐漸在靠近水的一側(cè)形成指狀孔,機(jī)械性能降低。 其次,在固定混合溶劑DMAc/GBL=1/1的基礎(chǔ)上,討論了PVC濃度,鑄膜液溫度,以及聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVPK90)的加入對(duì)膜性能和結(jié)構(gòu)的影響。結(jié)果表明：PVC濃度的降低提高了孔隙率和水通量,鑄膜液溫度的提高降低了孔隙率,但提高了水通量。PVP的加入提高了溶劑和非溶劑的交換速度,指狀孔逐漸轉(zhuǎn)化成錐形孔,膜表面開(kāi)孔變小,并形成了致密的皮層,膜的通量和截留率增大。 然后,固定PVC濃度為20wt.%,采用GBL作為溶劑,聚乙二醇(PEG400)作為添加劑,研究了添加劑PEG比例對(duì)膜結(jié)構(gòu)和性能的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：當(dāng)PEG添加劑比例從10wt.%升高到30wt.%,膜的斷面由指狀孔轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楹＞d狀結(jié)構(gòu),膜的表面在放大10000倍的情況下沒(méi)有明顯的開(kāi)孔結(jié)構(gòu)。且PEG含量較大的膜具有更好的親水性。隨著添加劑PEG含量的增大,膜的孔隙率升高,但是膜的純水通量沒(méi)有很大的提高。在此基礎(chǔ)上,改變凝膠浴濃度,由純水轉(zhuǎn)變成50wt.%GBL溶液,95wt.%GBL溶液。隨著凝膠浴濃度的提高,膜的沉淀速率逐漸變慢,膜的斷面維持在海綿狀的結(jié)構(gòu)。經(jīng)95wt.%GBL溶液沉淀成膜后的膜表面開(kāi)始產(chǎn)生了明顯的微孔結(jié)構(gòu),水通量有了很大的提高,該組膜的斷裂強(qiáng)度維持在6.5MPa左右。 最后,使用20wt.%PEG400為添加劑50wt.%GBL作為溶劑,考察PVC/PVB共混比對(duì)成膜的影響。隨親水性高聚物PVB的引入,PVC的親水性明顯增強(qiáng),膜外表面光滑平整不易收縮起皺。從SEM照片可以看出,PVB含量增大導(dǎo)致膜表面的平均孔徑減小,開(kāi)孔率增大,斷面由海綿狀轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榫W(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)。且隨著PVB含量的升高,膜的孔隙率由71.6%提高到80.8%,純水通量由10L/(m2·h·bar)增加至30L/(m2·h·bar),對(duì)牛血清蛋白的截留率均在95%左右。同時(shí)該組膜顯示出了很好的機(jī)械性能,斷裂強(qiáng)度均在5Mpa以上
[Abstract]:In this paper, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) flat microporous membranes were prepared by high temperature phase inversion method. The thermodynamic and kinetic factors affecting the process of PVC film formation were studied, and a more systematic method of membrane structure control was put forward. The hydrophilicity of PVC microporous membranes was improved by using different additives and blending methods. Firstly, the high temperature NIPS method was used in which water soluble ester 緯 -butyrolactone (GBL) and common solvent N- (N-dimethyl acetamide) were used as the mixed solvent. The thermodynamic stability of the casting solution was determined by calculating the solubility parameter difference between the mixed solvent system and PVC. The results showed that the solubility parameter difference 未 s-p increased with the increase of 緯 -butyrolactone content. The thermodynamic stability of the casting solution decreased gradually, and the experimental results showed that with the increase of the mass ratio of DMAc/GBL, the pore on the membrane surface increased. The whole membrane cross section structure gradually formed finger hole near the water side from the sponge shape, and the mechanical properties decreased. Secondly, on the basis of fixed mixed solvent DMAc/GBL=1/1, the concentration of PVC and the temperature of casting solution were discussed. The effect of PVPK90) on the properties and structure of the membrane was studied. The results showed that the decrease of the concentration of 1: PVC increased the porosity and water flux, and the increase of casting temperature decreased the porosity. However, the increase of water flux. PVP increased the exchange rate between solvent and non-solvent. The finger-like pores were gradually converted into conical pores, and the membrane surface pores became smaller, and formed a dense cortex. The flux and retention of the membrane increased. Then, the concentration of PVC was fixed at 20 wt. with GBL as solvent and PEG400 as additive. The effect of additive PEG ratio on the structure and properties of the membrane was studied. The experimental results showed that when the additive ratio of PEG increased from 10wt.% to 30wt.%. The section of the membrane changed from finger pore to spongy structure. The surface of the membrane has no obvious open pore structure at 10000 times magnification, and the membrane with higher PEG content has better hydrophilicity. With the increase of PEG content, the porosity of the membrane increases. However, the pure water flux of the membrane was not greatly improved. On this basis, the gel bath concentration was changed from pure water to 50 wt.GBL solution. With the increase of the concentration of gel bath, the precipitation rate of the membrane becomes slower and slower. The membrane section is maintained in the spongy structure. The membrane surface formed by 95 wt.GBL solution precipitates the membrane surface to produce the obvious micropore structure, and the water flux has been greatly improved. The fracture strength of the film is about 6.5 MPA. Finally, using 20wt.PEG400 as additive and 50wt.GBL as solvent, the effect of PVC/PVB blending ratio on membrane formation was investigated. With the introduction of hydrophilic polymer PVB. The hydrophilicity of PVC was obviously enhanced, and the smooth surface of the membrane was smooth and easy to shrink and wrinkle. From the SEM photos, it can be seen that the increase of the content of PVC leads to the decrease of the average pore size of the membrane surface and the increase of the opening rate. The section changed from spongy to reticular structure, and with the increase of PVB content, the porosity of the membrane increased from 71.6% to 80.8%. The pure water flux increased from 10 L / m 2 路h 路h 路barto 30 L / m 2 路h 路h 路bar. The rejection rate of bovine serum protein was about 95%. Meanwhile, the membrane showed good mechanical properties, and the breaking strength was above 5Mpa.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TQ028.8

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