本文關鍵詞： 苦鹵 綜合利用 脫鎂母液 蒸發(fā) 冷卻 析鹽規(guī)律　出處：《天津科技大學》2010年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：海水中幾乎含有地球上發(fā)現(xiàn)的所有元素,其中含有的礦物質(zhì)豐富,海水制鹽后的苦鹵中各種鹽類的濃度較高,具有廣闊的開發(fā)空間�？帑u的組分復雜,因而如何更快地研究和開發(fā)苦鹵中的各種資源,是苦鹵化學資源綜合利用中的一個重要問題。 各個海鹽區(qū)的鹽化工業(yè)是以海水制鹽母液(苦鹵)綜合利用為主體的無機化學工業(yè),水鹽體系相平衡與相圖是無機鹽化工的理論基礎。苦鹵中提取各鹽類的研究通常是建立在水鹽體系相圖的基礎上,通過對鹵水體系的分析,結合相圖理論確定適宜的工藝參數(shù),進而提出適宜的對鹵水資源提取的工藝路線,實現(xiàn)對苦鹵的綜合利用。 本文主要針對鹵水-氨法制取氫氧化鎂后的母液在蒸發(fā)及冷卻過程中的析鹽規(guī)律進行研究。脫鎂母液是一個主要含有K+,Na+,NH4+, MG2+,c1-,so42-等離子的復雜多元體系,對于此體系的相平衡數(shù)據(jù)還未見完整報道。研究脫鎂母液的蒸發(fā)及冷卻析鹽規(guī)律,這是氨法苦鹵綜合利用新工藝開發(fā)所必需的基礎研究,對豐富相圖理論及其應用具有一定的指導作用。本研究得出了該體系的蒸發(fā)析鹽規(guī)律,并在此析鹽規(guī)律的基礎上對脫鎂母液中氯化鈉及硫酸銨的分離分別進行了實驗。 實驗確定了蒸發(fā)結晶脫除脫鎂母液中氯化鈉的工藝條件；并對經(jīng)蒸發(fā)濃縮,分離NaCl晶體后的高溫澄清液進行自然冷卻實驗,得出了其冷卻析鹽規(guī)律,發(fā)現(xiàn)該過程的冷卻析出物為復合肥的有效成分氯化銨及硫酸銨。 根據(jù)脫鎂母液的蒸發(fā)及去除氯化鈉后母液的冷卻析鹽規(guī)律,確定了對分離氯化鈉后所得母液進行繼續(xù)蒸發(fā)的實驗方案,從而進一步得出了脫除氯化鈉和硫酸銨混合鹽的工藝條件,并使得剩余高溫澄清液的最終冷卻產(chǎn)物為較純的氯化銨。 對脫鎂母液中鈉離子的去除進行了探索性實驗,采用了向脫鎂母液中通入二氧化碳的方法,雖未達到去除鈉離子的目的,但是發(fā)現(xiàn)其仍有一定的研究空間。 本研究是《氨法-苦鹵綜合利用關鍵技術的研究》項目的組成部分,這是對苦鹵綜合利用的一種新的思路及途徑。本研究提出的工藝技術在對提高苦鹵資源利用率,節(jié)能減排,提高企業(yè)效益等方而具有明顯的作用。
[Abstract]:Almost all the elements found on the earth are found in the sea water, which contains rich minerals. The concentrations of all kinds of salts in the bittern after salt making from sea water are relatively high, and there is a broad space for development. The components of the bittern are complex. Therefore, how to study and develop various resources in bittern more quickly is an important problem in the comprehensive utilization of bittern chemical resources. The salinization industry in each sea salt area is an inorganic chemical industry which takes the comprehensive utilization of salt mother liquor (bittern) as the main body. The phase equilibrium and phase diagram of water-salt system are the theoretical basis of inorganic salt chemical industry. The study of extracting each salt from bittern is usually based on the phase diagram of water-salt system and the analysis of brine system. According to the theory of phase diagram, the suitable technological parameters were determined, and the suitable technological route of extracting brine resources was put forward to realize the comprehensive utilization of bittern. In this paper, the rule of salt evolution of magnesium hydroxide mother liquor prepared by brine ammonia process during evaporation and cooling is studied. The mother liquor of demagnesium is mainly composed of K ~ (2 +) Na ~ (2 +) NH _ (4), MG2. The phase equilibrium data of the complex multicomponent system of c1-so _ 42-plasma have not been reported completely. The evaporation and cooling salt evolution of the mother liquor of demagnesium have been studied. This is the basic research necessary for the comprehensive utilization of the new process of ammonia bitter brine, and has a certain guiding effect on the rich phase diagram theory and its application. In this study, the law of evaporative salt evolution of the system has been obtained. The separation of sodium chloride and ammonium sulfate from magnesium removal mother liquor was carried out on the basis of the law of salt evolution. The process conditions for the removal of sodium chloride from magnesium removal mother liquor by evaporative crystallization were determined. The natural cooling experiment was carried out on the high temperature clarification liquid after evaporating and concentrating and separating NaCl crystal, and the law of cooling and salt evolution was obtained. It is found that the cooling precipitates of this process are ammonium chloride and ammonium sulfate, which are effective components of compound fertilizer. According to the evaporation of demagnesium mother liquor and the law of cooling and salting out the mother liquor after removing sodium chloride, the experimental scheme of continuous evaporation of mother liquor after separating sodium chloride was determined. The technological conditions of removing the mixed salt of sodium chloride and ammonium sulfate were obtained, and the final cooling product of the residual high temperature clarifier was made to be pure ammonium chloride. An exploratory experiment was carried out on the removal of sodium ions from the magnesium removal mother liquor. The method of injecting carbon dioxide into the mother liquor was adopted. Although the purpose of removing sodium ion was not achieved, it was found that there was still some room for study on the removal of sodium ion. This research is a part of the project of "the key technology of ammonia process and bittern comprehensive utilization". This is a new idea and approach to the comprehensive utilization of bittern. The process technology proposed in this study has obvious effects on improving the utilization ratio of bittern resources, saving energy and reducing emissions, and improving the efficiency of enterprises.
【學位授予單位】：天津科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：TS396.1

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