本文關(guān)鍵詞： 綠色法 木薯渣 天然橡膠 羧基丁苯橡膠 復(fù)合材料　出處：《廣西大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：鑒于石油等不可再生資源日益匱乏,可再生資源的開發(fā)利用已成為當(dāng)前材料、能源化工等領(lǐng)域的重要課題,本文利用綠色方法對可再生資源木薯渣進(jìn)行納米化處理,獲得納米木薯渣(NCDs)并將其應(yīng)用于非極性的天然橡膠(NR)與極性的羧基丁苯橡膠(XSBR)等橡膠材料的增強(qiáng),有望部分替代炭黑、白炭黑等填充劑,為木薯廢渣的高值化利用提供參考。以NaOH、NaCIO和H202為助劑,采用均質(zhì)、球磨和超聲3種機(jī)械力相結(jié)合的綠色方法對木薯渣(CDs)進(jìn)行納米化處理,得到NCDs。分別采用低溫硫化(vulcanize)法制備復(fù)合材料NCDs/NR-V和乳液共混法制備共混膜材料NCDs/NR、NCDs/XSBR。利用紅外光譜儀(FT-IR)、原子力顯微鏡(AFM)、掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)、熱重分析儀(TGA)、粒徑分析等表征手段對NCDs及復(fù)合材料進(jìn)行微結(jié)構(gòu)表征,并對復(fù)合材料的力學(xué)性能和熱穩(wěn)定性等進(jìn)行測試。主要結(jié)論如下:(1)、加入15%H202(質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù))作為助劑,在均質(zhì)、球磨和超聲3種工藝手段共同處理的條件下,CDs納米化效果最佳,NCDs最小粒徑達(dá)到30 nm,與CDs相比,不僅穩(wěn)定性得到提高,而且在懸浮液中沉降速率變慢。(2)、NR體系中,NCDs/NR-V的硫化曲線及拉伸性能研究表明,NCDs的添加使橡膠體系的交聯(lián)密度增加,在NR基體中添加10 phrNCDs得到的復(fù)合材料NCDs/NR-V的力學(xué)性能最佳。此外,經(jīng)過硫化得到的復(fù)合材料NCDs/NR-V比共混得到的共混膜材料NCDs/NR的力學(xué)性能明顯提高,NCDs/NR-V復(fù)合材料的最高拉伸強(qiáng)度(15.63 MPa)是共混膜材料NCDs/NR(0.76 MPa)的 20 倍。(3)、XSBR體系中,在FT-IR光譜圖上并未發(fā)現(xiàn)新的特征吸收峰,NCDs和XSBR之間是通過物理吸附的方式相互作用增強(qiáng)了膠料的交聯(lián)度。由SEM圖片可見木薯渣纖維裸露在XSBR基體表面,NCDs均勻的分散在XSBR基體中。NCDs/XSBR共混膜材料中NCDs和XSBR未發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)。綜合力學(xué)性能測試與TG的結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):共混膜材料的拉伸強(qiáng)度和斷裂伸長率隨著NCDs的增加先增大后減小,20 phrNCDs添加量的共混膜材料的力學(xué)性能最強(qiáng)、熱穩(wěn)定性最好。當(dāng)添加量增大到30 phr,對XSBR的補(bǔ)強(qiáng)效果反而降低。
[Abstract]:In view of the increasingly scarce non-renewable resources such as petroleum, the development and utilization of renewable resources has become an important subject in the field of materials, energy and chemical industry. In this paper, the green method was used to treat cassava dregs with renewable resources. The nano-cassava dregs (NCDs) were obtained and applied to the reinforcement of non-polar natural rubber (NR) and polar carboxyl styrene-butadiene rubber (XSBR), which is expected to partially replace carbon black. The filler, such as silica, provides a reference for the high value utilization of cassava waste residue. NaOHO NaCIO and H202 are used as auxiliaries and homogenization. Three green methods, ball milling and ultrasonic mechanical force, were used to treat cassava dregs (CDS) nanocrystalline. NCDs were prepared by vulcanize-vulcanize-low temperature method, respectively, NCDs/NR-V and NCDs/NR were prepared by emulsion blending method and low temperature vulcanize method, respectively. NCDs / XSBR. FT-IRT, AFM, SEM, TGA). Particle size analysis was used to characterize the microstructure of NCDs and composites, and the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the composites were tested. The main conclusions are as follows: 1). Adding 15H 2022 (mass fraction) as auxiliary agent, under the condition of homogenization, ball milling and ultrasonic treatment, CDs nanocrystalline effect is the best. Compared with CDs, the minimum particle size of NCDs is 30 nm, which not only improves the stability, but also increases the sedimentation rate in suspension. The vulcanization curves and tensile properties of NCDs/NR-V showed that the crosslinking density of rubber increased with the addition of NCDs/NR-V. The mechanical properties of the composite NCDs/NR-V obtained by adding 10 phrNCDs to NR matrix were the best. The mechanical properties of the cured composite NCDs/NR-V were significantly improved than that of the blend membrane NCDs/NR. The maximum tensile strength of NCDs/NR-V composite is 15.63 MPA), which is 20 times higher than that of NCDs/NR(0.76 / MPA. In the XSBR system, no new characteristic absorption peaks were found in the FT-IR spectra. The degree of crosslinking between NCDs and XSBR was enhanced by physical adsorption. Cassava residue fibers were exposed on the surface of XSBR matrix by SEM images. There was no chemical reaction between NCDs and XSBR dispersed uniformly in XSBR matrix. NCDs / XSBR blend membrane material. The results of mechanical properties test and TG showed that: 1. The tensile strength and elongation at break of the blend film increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of NCDs. The mechanical properties and thermal stability of the blend films with 20 phrNCDs addition amount were the strongest and the thermal stability was the best. When the addition amount was increased to 30phr3, the reinforcing effect on XSBR decreased.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TB383.1;TB33

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