本文關(guān)鍵詞：雷山縣掌坳村村民自治調(diào)查研究　出處：《貴州民族大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 村民自治 苗族 習(xí)慣法 掌坳村 村規(guī)民約

【摘要】：從“王權(quán)止于縣”到“國家權(quán)力止于鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)”,國家權(quán)力的觸角很少深入到廣大農(nóng)村基層社會,農(nóng)村基層社會自有一套不同與國家機(jī)器的體制維持著其社會秩序,從古代的“鄉(xiāng)紳自治”到現(xiàn)在的“村民自治”。作為三大基層民主之一的村民自治,經(jīng)過30年的實踐,形成了比較完善的自治體系。隨著市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的沖擊、小農(nóng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的解體、城鎮(zhèn)化的推進(jìn)、就業(yè)的多樣化,越來越多的村民脫離了土地的束縛,村民像“候鳥”一樣在農(nóng)村與城市之間返還,在熟人社會與陌生人社會之間不斷轉(zhuǎn)變身份。村民在農(nóng)村與城市之間流動,在講究“人情”、講究“面子”的熟人社會與遵循冷漠的現(xiàn)代社會交往規(guī)則的陌生人社會的碰撞下不斷塑造自己的人生觀、價值觀、世界觀。農(nóng)村原有的社會運轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)制逐漸式微,國家政權(quán)推行的法治秩序尚未完全建立,在轉(zhuǎn)型期的農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了許多問題亟待解決。本文采用田野調(diào)查法,筆者跟隨導(dǎo)師走訪了黔東南雷山縣的茅坪村、新橋村、掌坳村等苗族村寨,其中以掌坳村為主要調(diào)查點。對當(dāng)代苗族地區(qū)的村民自治進(jìn)行調(diào)查研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)以血緣關(guān)系為主導(dǎo)的苗族村寨其傳統(tǒng)文化得到較好的傳承,其村民自治是傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代的結(jié)合,以黨和國家的方針政策、法律法規(guī)為基礎(chǔ),結(jié)合村寨實際情況吸收苗族傳統(tǒng)文化,運用到村民自治實踐,為當(dāng)?shù)厣鐣l(fā)展服務(wù)。此外,筆者還對其他地區(qū)的一些村莊進(jìn)行了田野調(diào)查,以豐富田野調(diào)查資料,輔助筆者對掌坳村村民自治情況的調(diào)查研究。本文分為四個部分:第一部分是緒論,主要介紹選題緣起、選題研究意義、研究方法、調(diào)查經(jīng)過、掌坳村基本情況。第二部分是掌坳村村民自治的基本情況。自然領(lǐng)袖——寨老參與村民自治,寨老參與確定村民委員會正式候選人、村里公益建設(shè)、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、糾紛解決等事項;村民會議的情況,從收集的一份掌坳村村民代表民主評議會記錄來分析掌坳村的“村民代表大會”;村規(guī)民約與苗族習(xí)慣法的聯(lián)系,是傳承苗族習(xí)慣法的途徑;與苗族傳統(tǒng)糾紛解決機(jī)制(寨老調(diào)解)一脈相承的村委會調(diào)解,從案例看村委會調(diào)解的情況;掌坳村的民主監(jiān)督機(jī)制;作為雷山縣“一事一議”示范村其一事一議的情況。第三部分是掌坳村村民自治的特點。由于我國地域遼闊,不同區(qū)域的農(nóng)村受市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的沖擊程度不同,社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r不同,人文環(huán)境不同,不同地域的農(nóng)村村民自治存在差異。本部分以第二部分掌坳村村民自治的基本情況為基礎(chǔ),以其他地區(qū)的村民自治情況為輔助,對比分析掌坳村村民自治的特點。掌坳村村民自治運作體系的特殊之處—內(nèi)生權(quán)威“寨老”的參與,并發(fā)揮著重要的作用;民主程度高;村民日常生活準(zhǔn)則—村規(guī)民約,有利于維護(hù)村寨秩序;多元的糾紛解決機(jī)制,有利于化解村民糾紛;掌坳村村民自治受習(xí)慣法影響。第四部分是對我國村民自治的啟示。苗族習(xí)慣法文化與村民自治相輔相成,為習(xí)慣法的傳承提供了新的途徑,為建設(shè)中國特色社會主義法治和推行基層民主提供了新思路。總結(jié)掌坳村村民自治的經(jīng)驗,為我國村民自治制度的完善提如下意見:首先,引導(dǎo)自然領(lǐng)袖參與村寨治理;其次,根據(jù)《村民委員會組織法》,結(jié)合村寨實際,制定切實可行的村規(guī)民約;再次,增強(qiáng)民主監(jiān)督意識,構(gòu)建完善的監(jiān)督體系,保障村民自治沿著法治的軌道發(fā)展;最后,建立參與主體多元的基層調(diào)解體系。
[Abstract]:From the "Royal stops in the county" to "state power only in the township", state power tentacles rarely deep into the rural grass-roots community, the rural society has a set of different countries and the machine system maintained the social order, from the ancient "gentry autonomy" to the "villager autonomy". As the villagers' autonomy one of the three major grass-roots democracy, after 30 years of practice, formed a relatively complete autonomous system. With the impact of the market economy, the disintegration of smallholder economy, urbanization, employment diversification, more and more villagers out of the shackles of the land, the villagers like "migratory birds" between rural and city return in the society of acquaintances and strangers, between the changing social identity. The villagers flow between city and countryside, in particular about the "human", and follow the acquaintance society indifferent communication in modern society pays attention to "face" The collision rules of stranger society constantly shaping their outlook on life, values, world view. The social operation mechanism of rural original state power gradually decline, implementation of the rule of law and order has not been fully established, in the transition period in the rural areas have emerged many problems to be solved. This paper uses the field investigation method, I follow the teacher visited Leishan County Qiandongnan Maoping village, Xinqiao village, Zhang ao Village Miao village, the palm Ao Cun as the main investigation. The investigation and Research on the villager autonomy of contemporary Miao area, found on the blood relationship as the leading Miao Nationality Village traditional culture better inheritance, the villager autonomy is the combination of traditional and modern and to the party and state policies, laws and regulations as the basis, combined with the actual situation of the village of Miao traditional culture to absorb, practice of villager autonomy, the service for the local social development. In addition, the author Some of the other parts of the village of fieldwork, in order to enrich the field survey data, research on palm village Au autonomy auxiliary the author. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part is the introduction, mainly introduces the origin, research significance, research methods, after investigation, the basic situation of Zhang Ao Cun. The second part is the basic situation of villager autonomy. Zhang Ao natural leader, old village autonomy of villagers to participate in, the old Walled Village Committee in determining official candidates, the village public construction, infrastructure construction, dispute resolution and other matters; villagers meeting, from a collection of palm on behalf of the villagers democratic Council Ao Cun records to analyze Zhang Ao Cun "villager congress"; pacts with the customary law of Miao nationality relation, is the way of inheriting customary law of Miao nationality and Miao nationality; traditional dispute settlement mechanism (old village mediation) the same The village mediation at the village mediation cases from case; Zhang Ao Cun democratic supervision system; as Leishan county "thing" the demonstration village thing. The third part is the characteristics of Zhang Ao Cun villagers. Due to China's vast territory, different areas affected by the impact of the degree the market economy, the status of social economic development, human environment, rural villagers autonomy of different geographical differences. The basic situation of this part to the second part of the palm depression of villager autonomy is based on the autonomy of villagers in other regions to support, to compare and analyze the characteristics of palm Au Village villagers' self-government. Special places of palm Ao system operation of villager autonomy endogenous authority "old" participation, and plays an important role; the high degree of democracy; villagers' daily life standards - pacts, is conducive to safeguarding the village order; multiple disputes Settlement mechanism, is conducive to resolving disputes villagers; Zhang Ao Cun village autonomy influenced by customary law. The fourth part is on villager autonomy in our country enlightenment. Customary law of Miao nationality culture and villagers' autonomy complement each other, provides a new way for the customary law inheritance, provides new ideas for the construction of Chinese characteristic socialism rule of law and the implementation of the primary democracy. Summary of villager autonomy palm depression experience, provided the following opinions for perfecting the villager autonomy system in China: firstly, guiding the natural leaders in village governance; secondly, according to the law of Villager Committee Organization ", combined with the actual village, formulate feasible regulations; thirdly, enhance the awareness of democratic supervision, improve the supervision system construction security, the development of villager autonomy along the orbit of the rule of law; finally, the establishment of multi subject participation of grassroots mediation system.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：D638

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