【摘要】：費(fèi)爾巴哈哲學(xué)是馬克思哲學(xué)的主要思想來源之一,要了解馬克思的哲學(xué)思想就必須得先了解費(fèi)爾巴哈的哲學(xué)思想。費(fèi)爾巴哈通過把黑格爾的絕對哲學(xué)顛倒過來,讓唯物主義重新登上了工座。可費(fèi)爾巴哈似乎無意于唯心主義和唯物主義的論爭,他標(biāo)榜自己的哲學(xué)足人本主義,和人本主義相對的就是神本主義。費(fèi)爾巴哈科學(xué)地看到了基督教的本質(zhì),他要樹立人的第一性的地位,他反對神學(xué),認(rèn)為神只不過是人對自己無限本質(zhì)的反映。他主張人本主義從現(xiàn)實(shí)的人出發(fā),人首先是感性的存在物,是感性標(biāo)示了人的當(dāng)下存在,人有其自然屬性。費(fèi)爾巴哈直觀到了人的自然屬性,同時(shí)也敏銳地看到了人的社會(huì)學(xué)的本質(zhì),他把人的意識和動(dòng)物的意識做了區(qū)別,認(rèn)為人有類的意識而動(dòng)物沒有,同時(shí)他在論證人的本質(zhì)時(shí),還涉及到人的絕對本質(zhì)。 馬克思在費(fèi)爾巴哈人本主義的基礎(chǔ)上創(chuàng)造了自己的人學(xué)思想,馬克思肯定了費(fèi)爾巴哈的唯物主義,認(rèn)為他的功績就是對思辨的哲學(xué)的反叛和認(rèn)識到了現(xiàn)實(shí)的人才是思考的出發(fā)點(diǎn)。不過他和費(fèi)爾巴哈不同的是,他主張用人的活動(dòng)性來解人。他認(rèn)為費(fèi)爾巴哈只是直觀到了人的本質(zhì),而沒有從人的活動(dòng)中來理解人,人是人活動(dòng)的產(chǎn)物,馬克思認(rèn)為實(shí)踐是人的基本存在方式,是人類實(shí)踐活動(dòng)成就了人,也建構(gòu)了人類社會(huì)和歷史,對人的了解要到社會(huì)和歷史中去了解。他認(rèn)為費(fèi)爾巴哈的人本學(xué)思想同樣是抽象的,是脫離人的。和費(fèi)爾巴哈基于人學(xué)和神學(xué)的對立從而論述了宗教異化的思路不同,馬克思是基于人與人的勞動(dòng)的統(tǒng)一和對立論證了人和其勞動(dòng)產(chǎn)品的異化,并在共產(chǎn)主義理想中展望了人的自由和全面的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Feuerbach philosophy is one of the main sources of Marxist philosophy. In order to understand Marx's philosophical thought, we must first understand Feuerbach's philosophical thought. By turning Hegelian absolute philosophy upside down, Feuerbach brought materialism back to work. But Feuerbach seems to have no intention of arguing about idealism and materialism. He boasts that his philosophical humanism, as opposed to humanism, is theocracy. Feuerbach scientifically saw the essence of Christianity. He wanted to establish the first place of man. He opposed theology and thought that God was only a reflection of man's infinite nature. He holds that humanism starts from realistic people, and that human beings are first and foremost perceptual beings, which indicate the present existence of human beings and human beings have their natural attributes. Feuerbach intuitively sees the nature of human beings, but also keenly sees the essence of human sociology. He distinguishes human consciousness from animal consciousness, and holds that human beings have class consciousness but animals do not. At the same time, when he discusses the nature of witnesses, he also involves the absolute nature of human beings. Marx created his own humanistic thought on the basis of Feuerbach humanism. Marx affirmed Feuerbach's materialism and believed that his achievements were the rebellion against speculative philosophy and the realization that realistic talents were the starting point of thinking. But unlike Feuerbach, he advocated the activity of employing people to solve people. He believes that Feuerbach is only intuitionistic to the nature of human beings, but does not understand people from human activities, man is the product of human activities. Marx believes that practice is the basic way of existence of human beings, that human practical activities have achieved human beings, and that human society and history have also been constructed, and that the understanding of human beings should be understood in society and history. He believed that Feuerbach's humanistic thought was also abstract and detached from man. Different from Feuerbach's idea of religious alienation based on the opposition of humanism and theology, Marx demonstrated the alienation of human beings and their labor products based on the unity and opposition of human labor, and looked forward to the free and all-round development of human beings in the communist ideal.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：B038;A811

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