馬克思晚年跨越思想研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-18 13:50
【摘要】：對(duì)東方社會(huì)的研究一直貫穿于馬克思主義形成和發(fā)展的整個(gè)歷程,尤其是在馬克思的晚年,他對(duì)東方社會(huì)發(fā)展道路的研究和探討又有了新的視角、新的結(jié)論。我們將馬克思晚年對(duì)東方社會(huì)發(fā)展道路的思考稱為跨越思想。馬克思在其跨越思想中支出,當(dāng)滿足一些條件時(shí),東方落后的民族、國家完全有可能跨越那種依靠原始積累發(fā)展起來的資本主義制度,而通過吸收其文明成果進(jìn)入更高級(jí)的社會(huì)形態(tài)——社會(huì)主義。這一思想不僅在馬克思的社會(huì)發(fā)展理論中居于重要地位,而且在整個(gè)馬克思主義發(fā)展史上也占有一席之地。 從20世紀(jì)80年代中期開始,馬克思晚年的跨越思想就引起了我國學(xué)術(shù)界的關(guān)注,而且是近三十年來學(xué)界一直關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)問題之一,并形成了一批高質(zhì)量的研究成果。盡管如此,仍存有研究空間：雖然人們對(duì)該思想的認(rèn)識(shí)達(dá)成一定的共識(shí),但在個(gè)別問題的認(rèn)識(shí)上仍存有爭(zhēng)議和分歧；目前對(duì)這一思想的關(guān)注中,研究角度略顯單一,過多關(guān)注其作為一種結(jié)論的真?zhèn)涡?而對(duì)其中所蘊(yùn)含的方法論原則關(guān)注較少。此外,就現(xiàn)實(shí)層面而言,上個(gè)世紀(jì)80年代末、90年代初,世界社會(huì)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)遭受了重大挫折；目前社會(huì)主義中國正處在社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型期,由于新舊并存因而不可避免地產(chǎn)生了一些問題甚至難題。于是一些人據(jù)此斷定馬克思的跨越思想在實(shí)踐上被證偽了,進(jìn)而開始質(zhì)疑現(xiàn)存社會(huì)主義國家的合理性。鑒于來自理論和實(shí)踐兩個(gè)方面的挑戰(zhàn)和疑惑,我選擇了這一思想作為研究對(duì)象。本文的研究目的在于全面、深刻、客觀地把握該思想,以突出其歷史地位；并在此基礎(chǔ)上,挖掘其對(duì)中國特色社會(huì)主義建設(shè)事業(yè)的指導(dǎo)意義。 論文的寫作主要包括三部分。第一部分是對(duì)馬克思晚年跨越思想形成條件的概述,這是全文的鋪墊,屬于背景知識(shí)介紹。第二部分是對(duì)馬克思晚年跨越思想的基本觀點(diǎn)和所蘊(yùn)含的方法論原則的概括和分析,這是本文的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn),也是試圖有所創(chuàng)新的地方。這一部分中首先闡述了馬克思晚年跨越思想的基本內(nèi)容,具體包括跨越的文本研究和跨越的條件兩個(gè)方面；其次挖掘和分析了馬克思晚年跨越思想中蘊(yùn)含的方法論原則——?dú)v史發(fā)展的統(tǒng)一性和多樣性統(tǒng)一的原則、歷史發(fā)展的規(guī)律性和人的選擇性統(tǒng)一的原則、世界歷史和民族歷史統(tǒng)一的原則。第三部分是對(duì)馬克思晚年跨越思想當(dāng)代價(jià)值的解讀,這是本文的歸宿。這一部分在對(duì)馬克思晚年跨越思想進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)梳理的基礎(chǔ)上,堅(jiān)持“三個(gè)著眼于”,既要分析該思想在馬克思社會(huì)發(fā)展理論體系中、在馬克思主義發(fā)展史中的地位和作用,又要揭示其對(duì)我國社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)事業(yè)所具有的現(xiàn)實(shí)啟示。
[Abstract]:The study of the oriental society has been running through the whole course of the formation and development of Marxism, especially in the late years of Marx, his research and discussion on the way of development of the oriental society has a new angle of view and new conclusion. We call Marx's thinking about the development of oriental society in his later years as leapfrogging thought. When Marx spent money in his leapfrog thinking, when certain conditions were met, the backward nations of the East and the state were quite likely to cross over the capitalist system, which had developed by relying on primitive accumulation. And by absorbing the achievements of its civilization into a higher-level social formation-socialism. This thought not only occupies an important position in Marx's theory of social development, but also occupies a place in the history of Marxism. Since the mid-1980s, Marx's thought of leapfrogging in his later years has attracted the attention of the academic circles in China, and has been one of the hot issues in the past three decades, and has formed a number of high-quality research results. However, there is still room for study: although people have reached a certain consensus on this idea, there are still disputes and differences in the understanding of individual issues. Too much attention is paid to its truthfulness as a conclusion, but less attention is paid to the methodological principles contained therein. In addition, as far as reality is concerned, the world socialist movement suffered a major setback in the late 1980s and early 1990s. At present, socialist China is undergoing a period of social transformation. Due to the coexistence of the old and the new, some problems and even problems inevitably arise. Therefore, some people concluded that Marx's ideas of leapfrogging had been falsified in practice and began to question the rationality of the existing socialist countries. In view of the theoretical and practical challenges and doubts, I chose this idea as the object of study. The purpose of this paper is to grasp the idea comprehensively, profoundly and objectively in order to highlight its historical position, and on this basis, to excavate its guiding significance for the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The thesis consists of three parts. The first part is an overview of the formation conditions of Marx's leapfrogging thoughts in his later years, which is the foundation of the whole paper and belongs to the introduction of background knowledge. The second part is the summary and analysis of Marx's ideas of leapfrogging in his later years and the methodological principles contained therein, which is the focus and difficulty of this paper, and is also an attempt to innovate. In this part, the basic content of Marx's thought of leapfrogging in his old age is first expounded, which includes two aspects: the textual study of leapfrogging and the condition of leapfrogging. Secondly, it excavates and analyzes the methodological principles contained in Marx's thought of leapfrogging in his later years, namely, the unity and diversity of historical development, the regularity of historical development and the principle of selective unification of human beings. The principle of the unification of world history and national history. The third part is the interpretation of the contemporary value of Marx's thoughts in his later years, which is the destination of this article. This part, on the basis of systematically combing Marx's thought of leapfrogging in his later years, insists on "three focuses". It is necessary to analyze the position and role of this thought in the theoretical system of Marx's social development and in the history of Marxism. We should also reveal its realistic enlightenment to the cause of socialist modernization in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：A811
本文編號(hào)：2248116
[Abstract]:The study of the oriental society has been running through the whole course of the formation and development of Marxism, especially in the late years of Marx, his research and discussion on the way of development of the oriental society has a new angle of view and new conclusion. We call Marx's thinking about the development of oriental society in his later years as leapfrogging thought. When Marx spent money in his leapfrog thinking, when certain conditions were met, the backward nations of the East and the state were quite likely to cross over the capitalist system, which had developed by relying on primitive accumulation. And by absorbing the achievements of its civilization into a higher-level social formation-socialism. This thought not only occupies an important position in Marx's theory of social development, but also occupies a place in the history of Marxism. Since the mid-1980s, Marx's thought of leapfrogging in his later years has attracted the attention of the academic circles in China, and has been one of the hot issues in the past three decades, and has formed a number of high-quality research results. However, there is still room for study: although people have reached a certain consensus on this idea, there are still disputes and differences in the understanding of individual issues. Too much attention is paid to its truthfulness as a conclusion, but less attention is paid to the methodological principles contained therein. In addition, as far as reality is concerned, the world socialist movement suffered a major setback in the late 1980s and early 1990s. At present, socialist China is undergoing a period of social transformation. Due to the coexistence of the old and the new, some problems and even problems inevitably arise. Therefore, some people concluded that Marx's ideas of leapfrogging had been falsified in practice and began to question the rationality of the existing socialist countries. In view of the theoretical and practical challenges and doubts, I chose this idea as the object of study. The purpose of this paper is to grasp the idea comprehensively, profoundly and objectively in order to highlight its historical position, and on this basis, to excavate its guiding significance for the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The thesis consists of three parts. The first part is an overview of the formation conditions of Marx's leapfrogging thoughts in his later years, which is the foundation of the whole paper and belongs to the introduction of background knowledge. The second part is the summary and analysis of Marx's ideas of leapfrogging in his later years and the methodological principles contained therein, which is the focus and difficulty of this paper, and is also an attempt to innovate. In this part, the basic content of Marx's thought of leapfrogging in his old age is first expounded, which includes two aspects: the textual study of leapfrogging and the condition of leapfrogging. Secondly, it excavates and analyzes the methodological principles contained in Marx's thought of leapfrogging in his later years, namely, the unity and diversity of historical development, the regularity of historical development and the principle of selective unification of human beings. The principle of the unification of world history and national history. The third part is the interpretation of the contemporary value of Marx's thoughts in his later years, which is the destination of this article. This part, on the basis of systematically combing Marx's thought of leapfrogging in his later years, insists on "three focuses". It is necessary to analyze the position and role of this thought in the theoretical system of Marx's social development and in the history of Marxism. We should also reveal its realistic enlightenment to the cause of socialist modernization in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：A811
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