【摘要】：如同真理是思想體系的首要價(jià)值一樣，公平正義是社會主義國家制度的首要價(jià)值。馬克思恩格斯雖然沒有專門論述社會公正問題的論文或著作，但卻有著非常豐富的社會公正思想。改革開放以來，我國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展取得了舉世矚目的成就，但在前行過程中也存在著突出的矛盾和問題，其中比較顯著的是居民收入差距日益擴(kuò)大，社會不公正現(xiàn)象凸顯。嚴(yán)重的社會不公正，不僅違背了社會主義的本質(zhì)要求，而且會引發(fā)或加劇其它一系列的社會問題和社會風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，威脅執(zhí)政黨執(zhí)政的合法性。在討論社會公正問題時(shí)，國內(nèi)學(xué)者反復(fù)引用和申說羅爾斯等西方學(xué)者的言論，而把馬克思恩格斯的社會公正思想置于一種忽視或冷落的狀態(tài)。在以馬克思主義為指導(dǎo)的社會主義國家，討論馬克思恩格斯的社會公正思想及其啟示，有著極強(qiáng)的現(xiàn)實(shí)針對性和理論價(jià)值。 遵循問題本身的演進(jìn)邏輯，分析馬克思恩格斯社會公正思想的發(fā)展歷程，大體可以分為三個發(fā)展階段，即對自由主義公正觀的追求和困惑時(shí)期、對自由主義公正觀的批判時(shí)期、唯物主義社會公正思想的建立時(shí)期三個階段。 馬克思恩格斯確立了唯物史觀之后，闡述了社會公正思想的科學(xué)內(nèi)涵：作為觀念上層建筑的社會公正是社會物質(zhì)生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)物，它隨著社會物質(zhì)生產(chǎn)方式的變化而演變。因此，社會的真正基礎(chǔ)和動力是社會生產(chǎn)而不是公正；公正具有歷史性和階級性，因此，不存在永恒的公正，也不存在普世認(rèn)同的公正；“平等僅僅存在于同不平等的對立中，正義僅僅存在于同非正義的對立中”，因此，共產(chǎn)主義社會是一個超越了公正的社會形態(tài)。 馬克思恩格斯社會公正思想的當(dāng)代價(jià)值主要體現(xiàn)在其理論意義和實(shí)踐指導(dǎo)價(jià)值。盡管今天我們處在社會主義初階階段，同馬克思恩格斯所設(shè)想的共產(chǎn)主義社會第一階段還有較大差距，情況也更為復(fù)雜，但馬克思恩格斯社會公正思想中所蘊(yùn)含的立場、觀點(diǎn)和方法仍具有指導(dǎo)意義，它要求我們以唯物史觀為指導(dǎo)，研究社會公正問題；大力發(fā)展社會生產(chǎn)力，奠定社會公正的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)；完善分配制度，，鞏固和發(fā)展生產(chǎn)資料公有制；實(shí)踐以人為本，加大社會調(diào)劑力度。
[Abstract]:As truth is the primary value of the ideological system, fairness and justice are the primary values of the socialist state system. Although Marx and Engels had no papers or works on social justice, they had rich thoughts on social justice. Since the reform and opening up, China's economic and social development has made remarkable achievements, but there are also outstanding contradictions and problems in the process of moving forward, in which the income gap of residents is widening day by day, and the phenomenon of social injustice is prominent. Serious social injustice not only violates the essential requirement of socialism, but also causes or exacerbates a series of social problems and social risks, and threatens the legitimacy of ruling party. When discussing the problem of social justice, domestic scholars repeatedly quoted and said the comments of Western scholars such as Rawls, and put Marx and Engels' social justice thought in a state of neglect or neglect. In socialist countries guided by Marxism, it is of great practical and theoretical value to discuss Marx and Engels' thoughts of social justice and their enlightenment. Following the evolutionary logic of the problem itself and analyzing the development course of Marx and Engels' social justice thought, it can be divided into three stages, namely, the period of pursuit and confusion of the view of justice of liberalism, the period of criticism of the view of justice of liberalism. There are three stages in the establishment of materialist social justice thought. After Marx and Engels established the historical materialism, they expounded the scientific connotation of the social justice thought: the social justice, as the superstructure of the concept, is the product of the social material production, and it evolves with the change of the social material production mode. Therefore, the real foundation and motive force of society is social production rather than justice; justice is historical and class, therefore, there is no eternal justice or universally recognized justice; "Equality exists only in opposition to inequality," Justice exists only in opposition to injustice. Therefore, communist society is a society that transcends justice. The contemporary value of Marx and Engels' social justice is mainly embodied in its theoretical significance and practical guiding value. Although today we are in the first stage of socialism, and there is still a big gap with the first stage of the communist society envisaged by Marx and Engels, and the situation is more complicated, the position contained in Marx and Engels' thoughts on social justice is still more complicated. Views and methods are still of guiding significance. They require us to study social justice under the guidance of historical materialism, to vigorously develop social productive forces, to lay the material foundation for social justice, and to perfect the distribution system. Consolidate and develop the public ownership of the means of production; put people first; strengthen social adjustment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：贛南師范學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：A811

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