【摘要】：“市民社會(huì)”思想是一個(gè)理論與現(xiàn)實(shí)意義兼?zhèn)涞脑掝},在最近30年來受到國際國內(nèi)學(xué)者的再次關(guān)注,他們從自己所處時(shí)代的“現(xiàn)實(shí)”出發(fā)表達(dá)著不同的訴求。在中國,對(duì)馬克思市民社會(huì)思想的理解,已經(jīng)從概念的研究擴(kuò)展到構(gòu)建中國市民社會(huì)的領(lǐng)域,諸如構(gòu)建中國市民社會(huì)何以可能、何以必要,尤其是對(duì)構(gòu)建中國市民社會(huì)的意義以及路徑等問題的探究,已成為學(xué)界關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。鑒于此,厘清馬克思市民社會(huì)思想形成的文本依據(jù),從“實(shí)踐”去理解馬克思市民社會(huì)思想存在的相關(guān)問題,充分挖掘馬克思市民社會(huì)思想的本真精神,才能為構(gòu)建“美麗中國”奠定良好基礎(chǔ)。本文主要從以下五個(gè)方面進(jìn)行論述： 第一章,探討馬克思之前市民社會(huì)思想的發(fā)展。馬克思之前的市民社會(huì)思想發(fā)展主要有三種范式：其一,亞里士多德、西塞羅范式的市民社會(huì)概念；其二,洛克范式的市民社會(huì)概念；其三,黑格爾模式的市民社會(huì)概念。 第二章,探討馬克思市民社會(huì)思想形成的文本依據(jù)。從《萊茵報(bào)》時(shí)期對(duì)“理性國家觀”的質(zhì)疑和哲學(xué)批判,到《德法年鑒》時(shí)期通過對(duì)理性國家觀的進(jìn)一步批判,使市民社會(huì)得到“復(fù)活”；再到《1844年經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)哲學(xué)手稿》時(shí)期,實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)市民社會(huì)的哲學(xué)批判到經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)解剖的轉(zhuǎn)向,最終在《德意志意識(shí)形態(tài)》時(shí)期及《哲學(xué)的貧困》中對(duì)市民社會(huì)概念進(jìn)行了闡述。 第三章,探討馬克思市民社會(huì)思想的基本內(nèi)容。這主要體現(xiàn)在：其一,市民社會(huì)思想存在的邏輯前提——現(xiàn)實(shí)的人；其二,市民社會(huì)的“復(fù)活”；其三,揚(yáng)棄異化的市民社會(huì),走向新的“市民社會(huì)”——“自由人的聯(lián)合體”。 第四章,探討關(guān)于馬克思“市民社會(huì)”思想的理解問題。主要論述由于馬克思市民社會(huì)思想的復(fù)雜性造成的對(duì)市民社會(huì)概念、市民社會(huì)與國家之間關(guān)系的片面理解。本文依據(jù)馬克思的經(jīng)典文本,認(rèn)為只有從“實(shí)踐”去理解,才能實(shí)現(xiàn)同一概念不同指涉的歷史貫通性,挖掘出其蘊(yùn)含的批判與建構(gòu)的理論意義。 第五章,探討馬克思市民社會(huì)思想對(duì)構(gòu)建中國市民社會(huì)的價(jià)值。通過對(duì)馬克思市民社會(huì)思想的辨正,凸顯出馬克思市民社會(huì)思想對(duì)構(gòu)建中國市民社會(huì)的時(shí)代價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:The idea of "civil society" is a topic of both theoretical and practical significance. In the last 30 years, scholars at home and abroad have paid attention to it again, and they express different demands from the "reality" of their time. In China, the understanding of Marx's idea of civil society has expanded from the study of concept to the field of constructing Chinese civil society, such as how it is possible and necessary to build a Chinese civil society. In particular, the research on the significance and path of constructing Chinese civil society has become the focus of academic attention. In view of this, this paper clarifies the textual basis of the formation of Marx's civil society thought, understands the relevant problems existing in Marx's civil society thought from "practice", and fully excavates the true spirit of Marx's civil society thought. Only in this way can we lay a good foundation for the construction of "beautiful China". This paper mainly discusses the following five aspects: the first chapter discusses the development of Marx's civil society thought before. There are three main paradigms in the development of Marx's civil society: first, the concept of civil society of Aristotle and Cicero's paradigm; secondly, the concept of civil society of Locke's paradigm; and thirdly, the concept of civil society in Hegel's model. The second chapter discusses the textual basis of the formation of Marx's civil society thought. From the questioning and philosophical criticism of the rational state concept in the "Rhine newspaper" period to the further criticism of the rational state view in the period of "the Yearbook of morality and Law", the civil society has been "revived", and then to the period of "Economic and philosophical manuscripts of 1844". It realizes the turn from philosophical criticism of civil society to the dissection of economics, and finally expounds the concept of civil society in the period of German ideology and the poverty of philosophy. The third chapter discusses the basic content of Marx's civil society thought. This is mainly reflected in: first, the logical premise of the existence of civil society ideology-realistic people; second, the "resurrection" of civil society; third, sublation of the alienation of the civil society, Towards a new "civil society"-"the union of free men". The fourth chapter discusses the understanding of Marx's thought of "civil society". This paper mainly discusses the one-sided understanding of the concept of civil society and the relationship between civil society and the state due to the complexity of Marx's civil society thought. According to the classical texts of Marx, this paper holds that only by understanding from "practice" can the historical continuity of the same concept be realized, and the theoretical significance of its criticism and construction be excavated. The fifth chapter discusses the value of Marx's civil society thought to the construction of Chinese civil society. Through the discrimination of Marx's civil society thought, it highlights the value of Marx's civil society thought to the construction of Chinese civil society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：A811

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