列寧平等思想研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-02 09:20
【摘要】：列寧平等思想是對(duì)馬克思主義平等思想的繼承和發(fā)展,是列寧與蘇維埃社會(huì)主義建設(shè)實(shí)踐相結(jié)合的科學(xué)理論體系。本文回溯了列寧在俄國無產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命時(shí)期和社會(huì)主義建設(shè)時(shí)期平等思想的發(fā)展歷程,并對(duì)列寧平等思想進(jìn)行了理論總結(jié)。本文共分三個(gè)部分： 第一部分闡述了列寧平等思想的歷史背景和理論淵源。列寧平等思想的誕生有其特定的歷史背景：19世紀(jì)末,西方資本主義國家在科技飛躍發(fā)展的推動(dòng)下,生產(chǎn)力得到了極大的提高,改變了西方資本主義的面貌,在科技與經(jīng)濟(jì)的新發(fā)展的同時(shí),發(fā)達(dá)資本主義國家的社會(huì)政治與經(jīng)濟(jì)不平等問題也日益突出,這些國家的人民為了爭(zhēng)取平等權(quán)利,掀起了以爭(zhēng)取普選制為代表的政治運(yùn)動(dòng),直接促進(jìn)了西方資本主義世界工人運(yùn)動(dòng)的快速發(fā)展。這對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)的俄國造成了深遠(yuǎn)的影響,此時(shí)的俄國本質(zhì)上還是一個(gè)半封建國家,壟斷資本家們與專制政府和國外資本相勾結(jié),對(duì)人民群眾進(jìn)行了殘酷的剝削,這激起了人民特別是工人階級(jí)的強(qiáng)烈不滿。在馬克思主義的指導(dǎo)下,俄國工人運(yùn)動(dòng)有了迅速地發(fā)展,為20世紀(jì)初俄國革命的爆發(fā)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。也正是在俄國革命中,列寧平等思想開始形成與發(fā)展,它既有對(duì)西方平等思想的繼承與批判,也有對(duì)馬克思恩格斯平等思想的繼承和發(fā)展。本文探討了近代西方平等思想的發(fā)展歷程,從近代西方平等觀念的確立到巴黎公社革命的平等實(shí)踐,都為列寧平等思想的形成提供了寶貴的理論財(cái)富和實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)；馬克思恩格斯平等思想不同于歷史上任何一種平等理論,馬克思恩格斯以唯物史觀為基礎(chǔ),運(yùn)用歷史和經(jīng)濟(jì)分析法,通過對(duì)人類歷史上一切舊的平等觀的批判和揚(yáng)棄,闡述了無產(chǎn)階級(jí)平等觀和共產(chǎn)主義平等理想,是第一次將平等理論置于科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)之上的科學(xué)平等思想。馬克思恩格斯將觀察平等內(nèi)涵的視角投射于純粹哲學(xué)和實(shí)踐哲學(xué)之上,跳出了單純的哲學(xué)理論關(guān)懷而關(guān)注社會(huì)實(shí)踐,完成了對(duì)平等內(nèi)涵的三個(gè)重要提升,這是列寧平等思想的主要理論來源。 第二部分是對(duì)列寧平等思想的主要內(nèi)容進(jìn)行闡述。在這一部分,筆者根據(jù)列寧平等思想的不同對(duì)象分別進(jìn)行了研究,包括經(jīng)濟(jì)平等思想、政治平等思想、民族平等思想、男女平等思想、教育平等思想以及外交思想中的國際平等理念。筆者首先研究了列寧對(duì)平等問題科學(xué)內(nèi)涵的具體分析,這是研究列寧平等思想的基礎(chǔ)。十月革命是俄國歷史上的一個(gè)重要轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn),同樣也是列寧思想發(fā)展的一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折。革命時(shí)期與社會(huì)主義建設(shè)時(shí)期的列寧平等思想的主要任務(wù)、推進(jìn)方式等從總體上來講是有較大區(qū)別的,因此本文在研究列寧平等思想的基本內(nèi)容時(shí)考慮到了這一因素。十月革命前,列寧平等思想主要集中于對(duì)沙皇俄國政權(quán)、資本主義國家不平等問題的批判和對(duì)其不平等問題根源的科學(xué)分析,強(qiáng)調(diào)了平等思想的構(gòu)建對(duì)于社會(huì)主義政黨和無產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命的重要意義；十月革命后,列寧領(lǐng)導(dǎo)俄國人民建立起人類歷史上第一個(gè)社會(huì)主義國家,他所面臨的是如何在社會(huì)主義國家進(jìn)行平等建設(shè)的歷史考驗(yàn)。無論是空想社會(huì)主義者還是馬克思恩格斯,他們所闡述的社會(huì)主義平等思想主要是理論上的研究,客觀的歷史環(huán)境沒給他們參與社會(huì)主義國家平等構(gòu)建的實(shí)踐機(jī)會(huì),但列寧有了在一個(gè)社會(huì)主義國家構(gòu)建平等的實(shí)踐機(jī)會(huì),新的歷史環(huán)境是對(duì)列寧平等思想的重大挑戰(zhàn)。列寧在蘇維埃社會(huì)主義建設(shè)的實(shí)踐中,既有對(duì)馬克思主義平等理論的繼承,又有對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)蘇維埃俄國客觀環(huán)境相符合的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié)。在蘇維埃俄國建立初期,新生的社會(huì)主義政權(quán)尚不穩(wěn)固,俄國國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)也受到戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的嚴(yán)重破壞,在這一時(shí)期,列寧平等思想采取的是務(wù)實(shí)的態(tài)度,并不急于在短時(shí)期內(nèi)迅速地達(dá)到共產(chǎn)主義理論所要求達(dá)到的完全平等,而是依照客觀條件選擇適合的政策,為社會(huì)主義平等的構(gòu)建奠定基礎(chǔ)；在蘇維埃政權(quán)相對(duì)穩(wěn)定后的全面建設(shè)時(shí)期,列寧著重強(qiáng)調(diào)實(shí)現(xiàn)平等權(quán)利對(duì)于社會(huì)主義建設(shè)的重要意義,并通過有效的措施,在社會(huì)各個(gè)層面全面推進(jìn)社會(huì)主義平等建設(shè)。 第三部分闡述了列寧平等思想的歷史地位和當(dāng)代價(jià)值。在這一部分,筆者首先對(duì)列寧平等思想的歷史地位進(jìn)行了客觀的總結(jié),強(qiáng)調(diào)了列寧平等思想在列寧主義中的重要地位,肯定了列寧平等思想對(duì)馬克思主義平等思想的繼承和發(fā)展；其次對(duì)列寧平等思想的當(dāng)代價(jià)值進(jìn)行了闡述。在筆者看來,平等是社會(huì)主義最基本的價(jià)值追求,社會(huì)主義追求平等的實(shí)踐在列寧之后曾遇到了重大的挫折,原蘇聯(lián)繼承者在經(jīng)濟(jì)上推行平均主義,在政治上獨(dú)斷專制,這與其沒有科學(xué)認(rèn)識(shí)列寧平等思想有著直接聯(lián)系。中國共產(chǎn)黨在社會(huì)主義革命和社會(huì)主義建設(shè)中始終能夠在挫折中及時(shí)地吸取經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn),科學(xué)地把握列寧平等思想的真髓,這是我國社會(huì)主義革命和社會(huì)主義建設(shè)取得偉大成就的根本原因之一。我國進(jìn)入社會(huì)主義初級(jí)階段以后,平等問題再次成為我們關(guān)注的重大社會(huì)問題,以列寧平等思想為指導(dǎo),對(duì)于中國特色社會(huì)主義平等的構(gòu)建具有非常重要的意義。
[Abstract]:Lenin's equal thought is the inheritance and development of the equal thought of Marx doctrine and the scientific theoretical system of the combination of Lenin and the Soviet socialist construction practice. This article traces the history of Lenin's development of equal thought in the period of the Russian proletarian revolution and the socialist construction period, and has carried out the theory of Lenin's equal thought. This article is divided into three parts:
The first part expounds the historical background and theoretical origin of Lenin's equality thought. The birth of Lenin's equality thought has its specific historical background. At the end of the nineteenth Century, the western capitalist countries, driven by the rapid development of science and technology, have greatly improved the productivity, changed the face of western capitalism and the new development of science and technology and economy. At the same time, the socio political and economic inequality of the developed capitalist countries is becoming increasingly prominent. In order to strive for equal rights, the people of these countries have set off a political movement on behalf of the general election system, which directly promoted the rapid development of the western capitalist world of workers' movement. This has made a profound impact on the Russians at that time. At this time, Russia was essentially the 1.5 feudal state. The monopoly capitalists colluded with the autocratic government and foreign capital and made cruel exploitation of the people. This aroused the strong dissatisfaction of the people, especially the working class. Under the guidance of Marx's doctrine, the movement of Russian workers developed rapidly, for Russia in the early twentieth Century. The outbreak of the revolution laid the foundation. It was in the Russian revolution that Lenin's thought of equality began to form and develop. It had not only inherited and criticized the equal thought of the west, but also inherited and developed the equal thought of Marx and Engels. This article discussed the development course of the Western equality thought in modern western countries and the establishment of the equality concept in modern western countries. The equal practice of the Paris Commune Revolution provides valuable theoretical wealth and practical experience for the formation of Lenin's equality thought. Marx Engels's equality thought is different from any kind of equality theory in history. Marx Engels, based on historical materialism, uses history and economic analysis, through all the old history of human history. The criticism and discarding of the concept of equality, the proletarian equality concept and the ideal of communism equality, is the first scientific equality thought on the basis of science on the basis of equality. Marx and Engels projected the view of equal Connotations on the top of pure philosophy and practical philosophy and jumped out of the concern of simple philosophical theory. Social practice has accomplished three important improvements to the connotation of equality, which is the main theoretical source of Lenin's equality thought.
The second part is to elaborate on the main contents of Lenin's equality thought. In this part, the author conducts the research according to the different objects of Lenin's equality thought, including the thought of economic equality, the thought of political equality, the equality thought of the nation, the equality of men and women, the thought of equality in education and the international equality concept in the diplomatic thought. The concrete analysis of Lenin's scientific connotation of equality is first studied. This is the basis for the study of Lenin's equal thought. The October revolution is an important turning point in the history of Russia. It is also a turning point in the development of Lenin's thought. The main task of Lenin's equal thought in the period of the revolution and the period of socialist construction and the way of advancing are from the general. There is a big difference in terms of body, so this article takes this factor into consideration when studying the basic content of Lenin's equality thought. Before the October revolution, Lenin's equality thought was mainly focused on the criticism of the Tsar Russian regime, the unequal problem in capitalist countries and the scientific analysis of the root of its inequality, emphasizing the equality thought. The importance of constructing the socialist party and the proletarian revolution was built. After the October revolution, Lenin led the Russian people to establish the first socialist country in the history of human history. He was confronted with the historical test of how to make equal construction in a socialist country. Whether it was a dreamer or a Marx Engels, he was a socialist country. The idea of socialist equality is mainly theoretical research. The objective historical environment does not give them the opportunity to participate in the construction of a socialist country equally. But Lenin has the opportunity to build an equal practice in a socialist country. The new historical environment is a major challenge to the ideas of Li Ning Ping. Lenin is in the Soviet Union. In the practice of socialist construction, there was not only the inheritance of Marx's theory of equality, but also the practical experience of the Soviet Russian objective environment at that time. In the early period of the Soviet Union, the new socialist regime was not stable, and the domestic economy of Russia was seriously damaged by the war. In this period, Lenin was equal. Thinking is a pragmatic attitude, not in a hurry to reach the complete equality required by the Communist theory in a short period of time, but to choose the appropriate policy according to the objective conditions and lay the foundation for the construction of the socialist equality. In the period of the overall construction of the Soviet regime after the relative stability, Lenin emphasizes the realization of the peace. The equal rights are of great significance to the socialist construction, and through effective measures to promote the socialist equality construction in all levels of society in an all-round way.
The third part expounds the historical status and contemporary value of Lenin's equal thought. In this part, the author first summarizes the historical status of Lenin's equal thought, emphasizes the important position of Lenin's equal thought in Lenin, and affirms the inheritance and development of Lenin's equal thought to the equality thought of Marx. Secondly, the contemporary value of Lenin's equal thought is expounded. In my view, equality is the basic value pursuit of socialism, and the practice of pursuing equality in socialism has met with a major setback after Lenin. The former Soviet successors carried out equalitarianism in the economy and were dictatorial in politics, which has not been scientifically understood. Lenin's equal thought has a direct connection. In the socialist revolution and socialist construction, the Communist Party of China has always been able to absorb experience and lessons in a timely manner in the setback and scientifically grasp the true marrow of Lenin's equal thought. This is one of the fundamental reasons for the great achievements of the socialist revolution and socialist construction in China. After the primary stage of socialism, the issue of equality has become a major social problem we pay attention to again. With the guidance of Lenin's equality thought, it is of great significance to the construction of the equality of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：A821
本文編號(hào)：2158976
[Abstract]:Lenin's equal thought is the inheritance and development of the equal thought of Marx doctrine and the scientific theoretical system of the combination of Lenin and the Soviet socialist construction practice. This article traces the history of Lenin's development of equal thought in the period of the Russian proletarian revolution and the socialist construction period, and has carried out the theory of Lenin's equal thought. This article is divided into three parts:
The first part expounds the historical background and theoretical origin of Lenin's equality thought. The birth of Lenin's equality thought has its specific historical background. At the end of the nineteenth Century, the western capitalist countries, driven by the rapid development of science and technology, have greatly improved the productivity, changed the face of western capitalism and the new development of science and technology and economy. At the same time, the socio political and economic inequality of the developed capitalist countries is becoming increasingly prominent. In order to strive for equal rights, the people of these countries have set off a political movement on behalf of the general election system, which directly promoted the rapid development of the western capitalist world of workers' movement. This has made a profound impact on the Russians at that time. At this time, Russia was essentially the 1.5 feudal state. The monopoly capitalists colluded with the autocratic government and foreign capital and made cruel exploitation of the people. This aroused the strong dissatisfaction of the people, especially the working class. Under the guidance of Marx's doctrine, the movement of Russian workers developed rapidly, for Russia in the early twentieth Century. The outbreak of the revolution laid the foundation. It was in the Russian revolution that Lenin's thought of equality began to form and develop. It had not only inherited and criticized the equal thought of the west, but also inherited and developed the equal thought of Marx and Engels. This article discussed the development course of the Western equality thought in modern western countries and the establishment of the equality concept in modern western countries. The equal practice of the Paris Commune Revolution provides valuable theoretical wealth and practical experience for the formation of Lenin's equality thought. Marx Engels's equality thought is different from any kind of equality theory in history. Marx Engels, based on historical materialism, uses history and economic analysis, through all the old history of human history. The criticism and discarding of the concept of equality, the proletarian equality concept and the ideal of communism equality, is the first scientific equality thought on the basis of science on the basis of equality. Marx and Engels projected the view of equal Connotations on the top of pure philosophy and practical philosophy and jumped out of the concern of simple philosophical theory. Social practice has accomplished three important improvements to the connotation of equality, which is the main theoretical source of Lenin's equality thought.
The second part is to elaborate on the main contents of Lenin's equality thought. In this part, the author conducts the research according to the different objects of Lenin's equality thought, including the thought of economic equality, the thought of political equality, the equality thought of the nation, the equality of men and women, the thought of equality in education and the international equality concept in the diplomatic thought. The concrete analysis of Lenin's scientific connotation of equality is first studied. This is the basis for the study of Lenin's equal thought. The October revolution is an important turning point in the history of Russia. It is also a turning point in the development of Lenin's thought. The main task of Lenin's equal thought in the period of the revolution and the period of socialist construction and the way of advancing are from the general. There is a big difference in terms of body, so this article takes this factor into consideration when studying the basic content of Lenin's equality thought. Before the October revolution, Lenin's equality thought was mainly focused on the criticism of the Tsar Russian regime, the unequal problem in capitalist countries and the scientific analysis of the root of its inequality, emphasizing the equality thought. The importance of constructing the socialist party and the proletarian revolution was built. After the October revolution, Lenin led the Russian people to establish the first socialist country in the history of human history. He was confronted with the historical test of how to make equal construction in a socialist country. Whether it was a dreamer or a Marx Engels, he was a socialist country. The idea of socialist equality is mainly theoretical research. The objective historical environment does not give them the opportunity to participate in the construction of a socialist country equally. But Lenin has the opportunity to build an equal practice in a socialist country. The new historical environment is a major challenge to the ideas of Li Ning Ping. Lenin is in the Soviet Union. In the practice of socialist construction, there was not only the inheritance of Marx's theory of equality, but also the practical experience of the Soviet Russian objective environment at that time. In the early period of the Soviet Union, the new socialist regime was not stable, and the domestic economy of Russia was seriously damaged by the war. In this period, Lenin was equal. Thinking is a pragmatic attitude, not in a hurry to reach the complete equality required by the Communist theory in a short period of time, but to choose the appropriate policy according to the objective conditions and lay the foundation for the construction of the socialist equality. In the period of the overall construction of the Soviet regime after the relative stability, Lenin emphasizes the realization of the peace. The equal rights are of great significance to the socialist construction, and through effective measures to promote the socialist equality construction in all levels of society in an all-round way.
The third part expounds the historical status and contemporary value of Lenin's equal thought. In this part, the author first summarizes the historical status of Lenin's equal thought, emphasizes the important position of Lenin's equal thought in Lenin, and affirms the inheritance and development of Lenin's equal thought to the equality thought of Marx. Secondly, the contemporary value of Lenin's equal thought is expounded. In my view, equality is the basic value pursuit of socialism, and the practice of pursuing equality in socialism has met with a major setback after Lenin. The former Soviet successors carried out equalitarianism in the economy and were dictatorial in politics, which has not been scientifically understood. Lenin's equal thought has a direct connection. In the socialist revolution and socialist construction, the Communist Party of China has always been able to absorb experience and lessons in a timely manner in the setback and scientifically grasp the true marrow of Lenin's equal thought. This is one of the fundamental reasons for the great achievements of the socialist revolution and socialist construction in China. After the primary stage of socialism, the issue of equality has become a major social problem we pay attention to again. With the guidance of Lenin's equality thought, it is of great significance to the construction of the equality of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：A821
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條
1 邱仁富;;論“民主、自由、平等”的三重關(guān)系[J];武漢科技大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2014年03期
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 潘婧文;近代皖籍名人蔡曉舟研究[D];安徽大學(xué);2013年
，本文編號(hào)：2158976
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