發(fā)布時間：2018-07-11 12:24

  本文選題：列寧 + 俄國資本主義��； 參考：《南京師范大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：1893年至1914年第一次世界大戰(zhàn)前,列寧創(chuàng)造性地將馬克思主義基本原理運用于俄國,切實考察了俄國資本主義形成和發(fā)展的過程,解決了資本主義在俄國能不能發(fā)展和怎樣發(fā)展的問題,形成了俄國資本主義發(fā)展的思想。這一思想不僅構(gòu)成列寧主義的基礎(chǔ)篇,而且上承馬克思恩格斯資本主義發(fā)展理論,下啟列寧社會主義建設(shè)理論,在馬克思主義發(fā)展史上有著重要的歷史地位。 本文由點及面,從內(nèi)在和外在兩個方面系統(tǒng)梳理和闡述列寧早期俄國資本主義發(fā)展思想,不但突出這一思想體系內(nèi)各個方面內(nèi)容間的邏輯層次,而且注重考察這一思想與列寧其它理論間的關(guān)系,力求突破學(xué)界已有的點、線式研究；由表及里,從世界觀和價值觀的角度去考察列寧評論俄國資本主義發(fā)展問題的特點,剖析列寧思想的學(xué)術(shù)性與政治性相結(jié)合的特點,力求避免將無產(chǎn)階級革命家的政治性思想單純學(xué)術(shù)化。 俄國資本主義發(fā)展問題可歸結(jié)為“是什么”、“為什么”和“怎么樣”三大問題。在“是什么”和“為什么”的問題上,列寧闡發(fā)了關(guān)于俄國資本主義發(fā)展的可能性、必然性、歷史進(jìn)步性以及俄國資本主義具有深刻的社會矛盾的思想。這是列寧對“俄國資本主義的命運”問題的科學(xué)解答,它批評和否定了俄國民粹派的“非資本主義道路”理論,駁斥了俄國“合法馬克思主義”者對資本主義的辯護(hù)及對馬克思主義學(xué)說的攻擊。在“怎么樣”的問題上,列寧認(rèn)為俄國資本主義的特點在于落后,原因在于俄國殘存著與資本主義不相容的舊制度即農(nóng)奴制殘余�；谏鐣a(chǎn)力發(fā)展的速度和最大限度維護(hù)廣大勞動群眾的利益,列寧主張俄國資本主義走農(nóng)民的“美國式”的即革命的發(fā)展道路�？偟膩砜�,列寧關(guān)于俄國資本主義發(fā)展的思想有三個特點,即：從社會經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)實出發(fā)談俄國資本主義的必然性；從歷史的觀點出發(fā)論俄國資本主義進(jìn)步性；從無產(chǎn)者的立場出發(fā)分析俄國資本主義的矛盾。這種分析和研究問題的方法及其價值取向貫穿于列寧主義的始終�？梢哉f,新經(jīng)濟(jì)政策時期,列寧利用資本主義發(fā)展社會主義的思想靈感源自于早期對俄國資本主義的研究和認(rèn)識,二者在內(nèi)在邏輯上有高度一致性,在歷史發(fā)展上有高度的承繼性。 列寧對俄國資本主義的肯定與否定,揭示了經(jīng)濟(jì)文化落后國家對待資本主義的應(yīng)有態(tài)度,為我們研究和正確處理社會主義與資本主義的關(guān)系提供重要的現(xiàn)實啟示。
[Abstract]:Before the first World War from 1893 to 1914, Lenin creatively applied the basic principles of Marx doctrine to Russia. It investigated the process of the formation and development of Russian capitalism, solved the problem of how capitalism could develop and develop in Russia, and formed the thought of the development of Russian capitalism. The foundation of Lenin's doctrine, and the theory of Marx Engels's capitalist development, and the theory of Lenin's socialist construction, have an important historical position in the history of Marx's doctrine.
This article from the point and the surface, from two aspects of the internal and external system to systematically comb and elaborate Lenin's early Russian capitalist development thought, not only highlight the logical level between all aspects of this ideological system, but also pay attention to the relationship between this thought and other theories of Lenin, and strive to break through the existing points of the academic circles, line type research; from the table. From the perspective of world outlook and values, this paper examines the characteristics of Lenin's comment on the development of Russian capitalism, analyzes the characteristics of the combination of the academic and political nature of Lenin's thought, and tries to avoid the simple academic thought of the political thought of the proletarian revolutionaries.
The problem of the development of Russian capitalism can be attributed to "what is", "why" and "how". On the question of "what is" and "why", Lenin elucidated the possibility, inevitability, historical progressiveness of Russian capitalism and the profound social contradiction of Russian capitalism. This is Lenin's scientific answer to the "fate of Russian capitalism". It criticizes and denies the "non capitalist road" theory of Russian nationals, refutes the defense of capitalism and the attack on Marx doctrine by the Russian "legitimate Marx". On the question of "how", Lenin believed Russia. The characteristic of capitalism lies in the backwardness. The reason is that Russia remains the remnants of the old system that is incompatible with capitalism. Based on the speed of the development of social productivity and the maximum protection of the interests of the masses, Lenin advocates the revolutionary development road of Russian capitalism taking the "American national style". Lenin's Thoughts on the development of Russian capitalism have three characteristics: the inevitability of Russian capitalism from the social and economic reality, the progress of Russian capitalism from the historical point of view and the analysis of the contradictions of Russian capitalism from the position of the proletariat. From the beginning of the Lenin doctrine, it can be said that, during the period of the new economic policy, the inspiration of Lenin's development of socialism with capitalism originated from the early study and understanding of Russian capitalism. The two were highly consistent in logic, and had high successor in the historical development.
Lenin's affirmation and negation of Russian capitalism reveals the due attitude of the backward countries in the treatment of capitalism and provides us with important practical enlightenment for us to study and correctly deal with the relationship between socialism and capitalism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：A821

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本文編號：2115192