本文選題：人 + 自然　； 參考：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：早在19世紀(jì)馬克思恩格斯已經(jīng)敏銳地意識(shí)到生態(tài)問題的嚴(yán)重性并前瞻性地提出了生態(tài)文明思想。這些富有前瞻性的思想跨越時(shí)空,為進(jìn)行社會(huì)主義生態(tài)文明建設(shè),全面建成小康社會(huì)而努力的中國(guó),提供了堅(jiān)實(shí)的理論指導(dǎo)和世界觀、價(jià)值觀上的啟示。同樣,他們的思想對(duì)全人類正確看待和處理人與自然的關(guān)系,以及解決當(dāng)代人類所面臨的生態(tài)危機(jī)都有著不可忽視的作用。正如弗羅洛夫所表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)一樣,雖然人類歷史發(fā)展到今天,社會(huì)環(huán)境和自然環(huán)境都發(fā)生了巨大的變化,但是馬克思恩格斯對(duì)于人與自然關(guān)系的辯證看法,以及如何正確協(xié)調(diào)人、自然、社會(huì)從而解決生態(tài)問題的辦法,在今天仍然沒有過時(shí),依然是有用的。 中國(guó)在改革開放之后,由于國(guó)家和社會(huì)的重心都傾向于經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,使得國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)術(shù)界也將目光的焦點(diǎn)投放到政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化領(lǐng)域,紛紛從這些角度出來來分析和研究馬克思恩格斯的思想,目的是從中尋找能夠指導(dǎo)中國(guó)進(jìn)行社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的思想和理論,而鮮有學(xué)者對(duì)馬克思恩格斯思想中的生態(tài)觀點(diǎn)給予關(guān)注和研究。從20時(shí)間30年代開始,生態(tài)學(xué)馬克思主義在西方興起,并且迅速地被介紹到了中國(guó),從20時(shí)間80年代開始國(guó)內(nèi)的學(xué)者開始逐漸重視馬克思恩格斯的生態(tài)觀點(diǎn),這一時(shí)期主要是停留在對(duì)西方生態(tài)學(xué)馬克思主義理論的一些分析和研究,隨著分析和研究的深入,馬克思恩格斯的生態(tài)觀點(diǎn)成為了理論界當(dāng)前所研究的熱點(diǎn)之一。十七大報(bào)告中,社會(huì)主義生態(tài)文明作為全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)的新目標(biāo)而首次被提了出來,十八大報(bào)告更是將生態(tài)文明建設(shè)提高到前所未有的高度,這進(jìn)一步推動(dòng)了對(duì)馬克思恩格斯生態(tài)思想的研究。中國(guó)自改革開放之后,生產(chǎn)力得到極大的解放,人民群眾的物質(zhì)文化水平極大提高,但是在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展取得巨大成就的同時(shí),不可避免地也帶來了一系列的環(huán)境生態(tài)問題。諸多的生態(tài)環(huán)境問題在當(dāng)前已經(jīng)成為了制約我們國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)和諧發(fā)展的瓶頸。因此,嚴(yán)峻的生態(tài)危機(jī)迫使人們必須在理論上解決經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)和環(huán)境保護(hù)的關(guān)系問題,從意識(shí)層面上去喚醒人們對(duì)于環(huán)境問題的認(rèn)識(shí)和覺悟。 本文主要從馬克思恩格斯的經(jīng)典著作中探尋它們的生態(tài)觀點(diǎn),通過分析和歸納系統(tǒng)地將其整理為生態(tài)自然觀、經(jīng)濟(jì)觀、社會(huì)觀和倫理觀。并且對(duì)馬克思恩格斯的生態(tài)觀在中國(guó)的發(fā)展,這主要是改革開放之后中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)集體在生態(tài)建設(shè)方面的探索和實(shí)踐進(jìn)行了闡述和分析。本文摒棄了以前直接挪用西方社會(huì)的環(huán)境倫理理論來考察中國(guó)環(huán)境問題的方法,直接從馬克思恩格斯的生態(tài)視角出發(fā)對(duì)中國(guó)的生態(tài)問題進(jìn)行再認(rèn)識(shí),從而為中國(guó)的生態(tài)文明建設(shè)提出可供借鑒的理論和方法。
[Abstract]:As early as the 19th century, Marx and Engels had been acutely aware of the seriousness of ecological problems and put forward the thought of ecological civilization. These forward-looking thoughts span time and space and provide solid theoretical guidance and enlightenment on world outlook and values for the construction of socialist ecological civilization and the building of a well-off society in an all-round way in China. In the same way, their thoughts play an important role in treating and dealing with the relationship between man and nature and in solving the ecological crisis faced by human beings. As expressed by Frolov, although human history has developed to today, the social environment and natural environment have undergone tremendous changes, but Marx and Engels' dialectical views on the relationship between man and nature have taken place. And how to properly coordinate, natural, and social solutions to ecological problems is still not out of date today, still useful. After China's reform and opening up, because the focus of the country and society has tended to the development of the economy, the domestic academic circles have also focused their attention on the political, economic and cultural fields. One after another, they came out from these angles to analyze and study Marx and Engels' ideas, in order to find out from them ideas and theories that could guide China's socialist modernization drive. Few scholars pay attention to and study the ecological viewpoint of Marx and Engels. From the 1920s to the 1930s, ecological Marxism rose in the West and was introduced to China quickly. Since the 1980s, domestic scholars have gradually attached importance to Marx and Engels' ecological views. During this period, it was mainly focused on the analysis and study of western ecological Marxist theory. With the deepening of analysis and research, Marx and Engels' ecological view has become one of the hot spots in the theoretical circle at present. In the report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the socialist ecological civilization was put forward for the first time as a new goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, and the report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China raised the construction of ecological civilization to an unprecedented level. This further promoted the study of Marx and Engels' ecological thought. Since China's reform and opening up, the productive forces have been greatly liberated, and the material and cultural level of the people has been greatly improved. However, while the economic development has made great achievements, it has inevitably brought a series of environmental and ecological problems. Many ecological environmental problems have become the bottleneck restricting our national economy and social harmonious development. Therefore, the severe ecological crisis forces people to solve the relationship between economic construction and environmental protection in theory, and to awaken people's understanding and awareness of environmental problems from the level of consciousness. This paper mainly explores their ecological viewpoints from Marx and Engels' classic works, and systematically arranges them into ecological natural, economic, social and ethical views through analysis and induction. And the development of Marx and Engels' ecological view in China, which is mainly the exploration and practice of Chinese collective leadership in ecological construction after the reform and opening up. This paper abandons the previous methods of directly misappropriating the environmental ethics theory of the western society to examine the environmental problems in China, and reunderstands the ecological problems of China directly from the ecological perspective of Marx and Engels. Thus, the theory and method for the construction of ecological civilization in China can be used for reference.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：X321;A811

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本文編號(hào)：2018133