本文選題：人與自然的關(guān)系 + 馬克思��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：人與自然的關(guān)系是生態(tài)學(xué)研究的基本問(wèn)題，更是馬克思哲學(xué)始終貫徹的邏輯主線。通過(guò)梳理馬克思哲學(xué)中的生態(tài)邏輯可以看出，馬克思哲學(xué)與生態(tài)學(xué)具有內(nèi)在相關(guān)性，能夠?yàn)樯鷳B(tài)問(wèn)題提供一個(gè)科學(xué)的知識(shí)框架和解釋原則。馬克思是對(duì)生態(tài)學(xué)進(jìn)行哲學(xué)研究并對(duì)資本主義展開(kāi)生態(tài)學(xué)批判的理論前驅(qū)和創(chuàng)始人。 馬克思的哲學(xué)唯物主義的自然觀、人與自然的物質(zhì)變換思想和社會(huì)與自然的辯證法，對(duì)作為整體的資本邏輯的批判以及對(duì)使用價(jià)值與交換價(jià)值之間矛盾的揭示，對(duì)未來(lái)共產(chǎn)主義社會(huì)生態(tài)可持續(xù)性的展望，為當(dāng)代資本主義的生態(tài)批判和實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)主義、共產(chǎn)主義社會(huì)的生態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)型，都提供了一種哲學(xué)意義上的方法論基礎(chǔ)。馬克思哲學(xué)對(duì)生態(tài)問(wèn)題的理解，展現(xiàn)出馬克思哲學(xué)理論體系中深刻的生態(tài)邏輯、明晰的生態(tài)軌跡、辯證的生態(tài)方法和科學(xué)的生態(tài)理想。對(duì)馬克思哲學(xué)的生態(tài)內(nèi)蘊(yùn)的強(qiáng)調(diào)，不是說(shuō)馬克思哲學(xué)能夠具體地處理當(dāng)今世界的生態(tài)危機(jī)，而是馬克思的哲學(xué)生態(tài)學(xué)思想能夠提供一種批判的精神，它能夠把自然從資本主義造成的異化中解放出來(lái)，是一種把人與自然的關(guān)系問(wèn)題置于人類(lèi)現(xiàn)實(shí)實(shí)踐和社會(huì)歷史視野之中的辯證的生態(tài)的唯物主義。 把馬克思哲學(xué)嫁接到綠色理論中，或者用綠色理論來(lái)彌補(bǔ)馬克思哲學(xué)的理論空?qǐng)觯@些簡(jiǎn)單的拼湊和合并都不是科學(xué)的馬克思哲學(xué)研究方式。我們需要回到馬克思自己的原初思想中，找尋馬克思哲學(xué)唯物主義與生態(tài)問(wèn)題的內(nèi)在關(guān)聯(lián)，理解馬克思把生態(tài)問(wèn)題的分析建立在對(duì)歷史的理解基礎(chǔ)之上，以及對(duì)資本主義進(jìn)行的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)批判具有的生態(tài)維度，按照馬克思的邏輯思路去分析資本主義制度究竟是如何改變?nèi)祟?lèi)賴(lài)以生存的自然環(huán)境和物質(zhì)條件的，從而在對(duì)資本邏輯進(jìn)行生態(tài)批判的基礎(chǔ)上提出共產(chǎn)主義的生態(tài)正義性。馬克思哲學(xué)中的這種生態(tài)邏輯銜接說(shuō)明，馬克思確立了一種關(guān)于人與自然、自然與歷史的唯物主義理解，同時(shí)，人與自然、自然與歷史又實(shí)踐地辯證地聯(lián)系在一起，展現(xiàn)出馬克思哲學(xué)對(duì)生態(tài)問(wèn)題理解上的關(guān)系哲學(xué)立場(chǎng)。以歷史唯物主義為解釋原則，馬克思將資本邏輯的生態(tài)批判、資本主義條件下使用價(jià)值和交換價(jià)值之間的矛盾與共產(chǎn)主義的生態(tài)可持續(xù)和生態(tài)正義性理念結(jié)合起來(lái)。可以看出，馬克思哲學(xué)內(nèi)在具有的生態(tài)意蘊(yùn)，說(shuō)明馬克思創(chuàng)立了一種生態(tài)學(xué)的唯物主義，或者說(shuō)馬克思的哲學(xué)生態(tài)學(xué)，這不但是一種哲學(xué)觀念，也是一種批判哲學(xué)，更是一種價(jià)值導(dǎo)向和正義境界。根據(jù)這種理論邏輯，我們可以明晰資本主義這種特定的生產(chǎn)方式內(nèi)在具有的生態(tài)矛盾，并在社會(huì)與自然的交互運(yùn)動(dòng)和辯證交往中做出緊迫而正確的抉擇，認(rèn)識(shí)到人類(lèi)社會(huì)生態(tài)地、辯證地、歷史地植根于自然物質(zhì)世界之中。 從馬克思哲學(xué)的內(nèi)在邏輯來(lái)看，馬克思哲學(xué)創(chuàng)立了一種新的唯物主義，即實(shí)踐的和歷史的唯物主義，以此為基礎(chǔ)的自然觀具有十分豐富的生態(tài)蘊(yùn)含，它以實(shí)踐或勞動(dòng)為中介實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)人與自然的生態(tài)關(guān)系的完美解決。得到恰當(dāng)詮釋的歷史唯物主義能夠?yàn)樯鷳B(tài)問(wèn)題提供一個(gè)科學(xué)而規(guī)范的解釋框架，社會(huì)與自然之間的辯證法和物質(zhì)變換思想，立足于物質(zhì)資料的生產(chǎn)方式來(lái)理解生態(tài)問(wèn)題，這些都凸顯了馬克思哲學(xué)對(duì)生態(tài)問(wèn)題理解的人類(lèi)視角。馬克思哲學(xué)本質(zhì)上是一種類(lèi)存在的哲學(xué)生態(tài)學(xué)，馬克思哲學(xué)中的生產(chǎn)力概念和需要概念都可以實(shí)現(xiàn)生態(tài)可持續(xù)性，從而超越了生態(tài)中心主義和人類(lèi)中心主義。馬克思以其新唯物主義的哲學(xué)自然觀為基礎(chǔ)對(duì)資本主義進(jìn)行了生態(tài)批判，，指明了資本主義的資本邏輯的逐利性、資本主義社會(huì)的異化和資本主義制度和生產(chǎn)方式的反生態(tài)本性。可以說(shuō)，資本主義制度是造成生態(tài)危機(jī)的根源，要解決生態(tài)危機(jī)，必須批判資本邏輯，用生態(tài)理性代替經(jīng)濟(jì)理性，消滅資本主義制度。只有社會(huì)主義和共產(chǎn)主義才能夠克服資本主義的反生態(tài)本性，實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)發(fā)展和生態(tài)正義。資本主義是生態(tài)非正義的根源，用生產(chǎn)性正義代替分配性正義的共產(chǎn)主義才能實(shí)現(xiàn)生態(tài)正義，共產(chǎn)主義革命具有十分明確的生態(tài)指向。構(gòu)建馬克思的哲學(xué)生態(tài)學(xué)，它代表著馬克思哲學(xué)的當(dāng)代新形態(tài)，體現(xiàn)著馬克思哲學(xué)對(duì)于當(dāng)代生態(tài)問(wèn)題的深刻理解。馬克思哲學(xué)的生態(tài)學(xué)方法能夠讓我們更加科學(xué)地把握人與自然、歷史與自然、社會(huì)與自然之間的辯證矛盾關(guān)系，這對(duì)于理解我們這個(gè)時(shí)代的生態(tài)問(wèn)題具有十分重要的價(jià)值和意義。
[Abstract]:The relationship between man and nature is the basic problem in the study of ecology and the logical main line of Marx's philosophy. By combing the Ecological Logic in Marx's philosophy, it can be seen that Marx's philosophy and ecology have intrinsic correlation, and can provide a knowledge framework and interpretation principle for ecological problems. Marx is a student of life. The theoretical predecessor and founder of the philosophy of ecology and the Ecological Critique of capitalism.
Marx's philosophical materialist view of nature, the thought of material transformation between man and nature and the dialectics of society and nature, the criticism of the capital logic as a whole and the revelation of the contradiction between the value of use and the value of exchange, the prospect of the ecological sustainability of the Communist society in the future, and the ecological criticism of the contemporary capitalism and the ecological criticism of the contemporary capitalism. The realization of socialism and the ecological transformation of Communist society provide a philosophical basis for methodology. The understanding of the ecological problems by Marx's philosophy shows the profound ecological logic in the system of Marx's philosophical theory, the clear ecological path, the dialectical ecological method and the scientific ecological ideal. The birth of Marx's philosophy. The emphasis of the state of state is not to say that Marx's philosophy can deal with the ecological crisis of the present world, but that Marx's philosophical ecology can provide a critical spirit. It can liberate nature from the alienation caused by capitalism, and put the relationship between man and nature in the practical practice and society of human beings. Dialectical ecological materialism in the historical perspective.
To graft Marx's philosophy into the green theory, or to make up the theoretical empty field of Marx's philosophy with the green theory, these simple piecing together and merging are not the scientific research ways of Marx's philosophy. We need to go back to Marx's own original thought and find the inner connection between Marx's philosophical materialism and the ecological problem. Marx's analysis of ecological problems is based on the understanding of history, as well as the ecological dimension of the political economic criticism of capitalism. According to Marx's logical idea, the paper analyzes how the capitalist system changes the self environment and material conditions of human existence, and thus the capital is on the capital. On the basis of the ecological criticism of logic, the ecological justice of communism is put forward. This eco logical connection in Marx's philosophy shows that Marx has established a materialist understanding of man and nature, nature and history, and the dialectical relationship between man and nature, nature and history, showing Marx's philosophy. The philosophical standpoint of the understanding of ecological problems. With historical materialism as the interpretation principle, Marx combines the ecological criticism of capital logic, the contradiction between the use value and the exchange value under capitalist conditions and the concept of ecological sustainability and ecological justice of communism. It can be seen that Marx's philosophy is inherent. The ecological implication shows that Marx created an ecological materialism or Marx's philosophical ecology, which is not only a philosophical concept, but also a kind of critical philosophy, but also a value orientation and a realm of justice. According to this theoretical logic, we can clearly define the inherent mode of production of capitalism. The ecological contradictions, and make urgent and correct choices in the interaction and dialectical contacts between society and nature, and realize the ecological, dialectical and historical roots of the human society in the natural material world.
From the internal logic of Marx's philosophy, Marx's philosophy has created a new materialism, the practical and historical materialism, which is based on a very rich ecological implication. It realizes the perfect settlement of the relationship between man and nature by practice or labor as a medium. Materialism can provide a scientific and standardized interpretation framework for ecological problems, the dialectical and material transformation thought between society and nature, and the understanding of ecological problems based on the production mode of material materials. These all highlight the human perspective of Marx's philosophy on ecological problems. Marx philosophy is essentially a kind of existence. In the philosophical ecology of philosophy, the concept of productivity and the concept of demand in Marx's philosophy can achieve ecological sustainability, which transcends ecoccentrism and anthropocentrism. Marx criticizes capitalism on the basis of his new materialist philosophy of nature, pointing out the capital logic of capitalism. It can be said that the capitalist system is the root of the ecological crisis. In order to solve the ecological crisis, it is necessary to criticize the logic of capital, replace the economic rationality with the ecological rationality, and eliminate the capitalistic system. Only socialism and communism can be the only one. Take the anti ecological nature of capitalism to realize social development and ecological justice. Capitalism is the root of ecological injustice, and communism with productive justice instead of distributive justice can realize ecological justice. The Communist revolution has a very clear ecological direction. Marx's philosophical ecology is constructed, which represents Marx's philosophy. The modern new form of learning embodies the profound understanding of Marx's philosophy for contemporary ecological problems. The ecological methods of Marx's philosophy can make us more scientifically grasp the dialectical contradiction between man and nature, history and nature, society and nature, which is very important for understanding the ecological problems of our time. Value and meaning.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：A811

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