本文選題：馬克思恩格斯 + 婦女解放　； 參考：《武漢大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：女性爭(zhēng)取與男性平等的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化等方面的權(quán)利,不僅是婦女運(yùn)動(dòng)關(guān)注的問(wèn)題,也是整個(gè)人類社會(huì)面臨的重大問(wèn)題,關(guān)系到全人類的自由解放和每一個(gè)人的自由全面發(fā)展。馬克思恩格斯婦女解放思想是馬克思主義理論的重要組成部分,也是馬克思主義婦女解放思想的理論源頭。隨著馬克思主義婦女解放思想在社會(huì)主義國(guó)家的成功實(shí)踐以及西方女性主義思潮自身發(fā)展的自身要求,馬克思恩格斯經(jīng)典著作中所論述的婦女解放的思想越來(lái)越被人們所關(guān)注、挖掘和研究,其科學(xué)性和革命性越來(lái)越顯示真理的光芒。 本論文以辯證唯物主義和歷史唯物主義為指導(dǎo),以馬克思恩格斯的經(jīng)典著作文本為依據(jù),在吸收借鑒現(xiàn)有理論成果的基礎(chǔ)上,深入研究馬克思恩格斯婦女解放思想形成的社會(huì)歷史條件、理論來(lái)源和理論基礎(chǔ)、基本內(nèi)容和歷史地位,并在此基礎(chǔ)上探討馬克思恩格斯婦女解放思想的當(dāng)代價(jià)值。 馬克思恩格斯婦女解放思想的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展與馬克思主義的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展是不可分割的同步過(guò)程。從歷史維度分析,馬克思恩格斯婦女解放思想形成的時(shí)代正是歐洲資本主義制度的上升時(shí)期。資本主義制度的確立和先進(jìn)生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展等政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)條件以及由此興起的婦女解放社會(huì)意識(shí)等社會(huì)心理?xiàng)l件均為馬克思恩格斯婦女解放思想產(chǎn)生準(zhǔn)備了歷史背景。古希臘神話中女性地位變遷的申訴、啟蒙思想家的人文主義思想、德國(guó)古典哲學(xué)中的人的思想、資產(chǎn)階級(jí)民主主義婦女解放思想和空想社會(huì)主義的婦女解放的主張等這些馬克思主義產(chǎn)生以前的以及同時(shí)代的思想家關(guān)于婦女及婦女解放思想的相關(guān)論述也為馬克思恩格斯婦女解放思想的產(chǎn)生積累了豐富的思想資源。 唯物史觀和剩余價(jià)值學(xué)說(shuō)為馬克思恩格斯婦女解放思想提供了堅(jiān)實(shí)的理論基礎(chǔ)。從唯物史觀出發(fā),馬克思恩格斯提出物質(zhì)資料的生產(chǎn)與人自身的生產(chǎn)這兩種生產(chǎn)之間的不平衡性導(dǎo)致了婦女遭遇奴役和壓迫的境遇。從剩余價(jià)值學(xué)說(shuō)的角度,“異化勞動(dòng)”理論和“拜物教”理論解釋了婦女是如何淪為“他者”的命運(yùn)和地位。婦女不能依靠自己解放,婦女必須成為無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)的一員,通過(guò)消滅私有制及以此為基礎(chǔ)的階級(jí)壓迫的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)性別解放,換而言之,婦女必須通過(guò)無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)的解放實(shí)現(xiàn)自身的解放。 馬克思恩格斯婦女解放思想具有豐富而深刻的內(nèi)容。馬克思恩格斯從現(xiàn)實(shí)的婦女出發(fā),把婦女還原成現(xiàn)實(shí)的人,通過(guò)對(duì)婦女不同的角色定位的分析,指出婦女必須參與社會(huì)公共勞動(dòng)成為工人階級(jí)的一份子,婦女的解放也必須依托無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)的力量實(shí)現(xiàn)。通過(guò)對(duì)婦女解放階段目標(biāo)和長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)目標(biāo)的論述,馬克思恩格斯提出了包括經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化和社會(huì)路徑等四個(gè)方面在內(nèi)的婦女解放的道路。這些論述也就是回答了“什么是婦女解放?”“為什么要進(jìn)行婦女解放?”和“怎樣實(shí)現(xiàn)婦女解放?”等基本問(wèn)題,涵蓋了身體、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化和社會(huì)等內(nèi)在統(tǒng)一的五個(gè)方面。 馬克思恩格斯婦女解放思想以其實(shí)踐性、科學(xué)性和革命性等特征影響著當(dāng)代中國(guó)和當(dāng)代西方女性主義思潮,為中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨婦女解放事業(yè)的理論、實(shí)踐和制度創(chuàng)新提供了理論支持,成為馬克思主義婦女理論中國(guó)化的理論源泉,有力指導(dǎo)了中國(guó)婦女解放運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)展,奠定了中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義婦女理論與實(shí)踐的基石。同時(shí),在與西方女性主義思潮的交融和交鋒中,馬克思恩格斯婦女解放思想被各種女性主義流派不同程度地吸取、繼承和發(fā)展。 改革開(kāi)放30多年來(lái),我國(guó)婦女事業(yè)取得了舉世矚目的成就,但也存在著一些問(wèn)題,究其原因,封建落后思想的殘存和消費(fèi)主義的誤導(dǎo)仍為婦女解放的主要阻滯因素。馬克思恩格斯婦女解放思想對(duì)于喚醒婦女解放的主體意識(shí)和自我解放意識(shí),推動(dòng)?jì)D女基本權(quán)益的法律保障和完善,加快婦女的政治參與,促進(jìn)婦女的經(jīng)濟(jì)解放和獨(dú)立等方面的現(xiàn)實(shí)指導(dǎo)作用是積極有效的。在世界范圍,全球婦女解放運(yùn)動(dòng)正在蓬勃發(fā)展,聯(lián)合國(guó)等國(guó)際組織的積極推進(jìn)促進(jìn)了婦女解放進(jìn)程的前進(jìn)。盡管婦女解放運(yùn)動(dòng)是在社會(huì)歷史條件完全不同的國(guó)家中實(shí)踐,但歸根結(jié)底仍然可以看到馬克思恩格斯婦女解放思想的熠熠光輝。 馬克思恩格斯婦女解放思想開(kāi)創(chuàng)了馬克思主義的婦女理論,為馬克思恩格斯同時(shí)代的婦女提供了斗爭(zhēng)的思想武器,推動(dòng)了資本主義婦女解放事業(yè)的發(fā)展。同時(shí),馬克思恩格斯婦女解放思想與人的自由全面發(fā)展思想緊密相連,是其重要的視角和組成部分,也是馬克思人學(xué)理論的深化和具體化,為人類社會(huì)的和諧健康發(fā)展提供了有利指導(dǎo),是指導(dǎo)中國(guó)婦女解放的理論指南。
[Abstract]:Women's rights to equal political, economic and cultural equality with men are not only a matter of concern for women's movement, but also a major problem facing the whole human society. It is related to the free liberation of all human beings and the free and comprehensive development of each individual. Marx and Engels Ve's emancipation thought is an important component of the Marx theory. In part, it is also the theoretical source of Marx's thought of women's emancipation. With the successful practice of Marx's Emancipation in the socialist country and the self requirements of the development of western feminism, the ideas of women's solution in the classic works of Marx and Engels are being paid more and more attention to, excavated and studied. The scientific and revolutionary nature of the study shows the truth more and more.
Guided by dialectical materialism and historical materialism, on the basis of the classic works of Marx and Engels and on the basis of absorbing and drawing on the existing theoretical achievements, this paper studies the social and historical conditions of the formation of Marx and Engels's women's emancipation thought, the theoretical source and theoretical basis, the basic content and historical status, and the status of its basic content and historical status. On this basis, the contemporary value of Marx and Engels's women's emancipation thought is discussed.
The emergence and development of Marx and Engels's women's emancipation thought are inseparable from the emergence and development of Marx's doctrine. From the historical point of view, the era of the formation of Marx Engels's women's emancipation thought is the rising period of the European capitalist system. The establishment of the capitalist system and the development of the advanced productive forces, etc. Social psychological conditions, such as political and economic conditions and the rise of women's consciousness of emancipating the society, prepared the historical background for Marx and Engels's emancipation of women's emancipation thought. The appeal for the change in the status of women in the ancient Greek mythology, the humanistic thought of the enlightening thinkers, the thought of the people in the ancient German philosophy and the bourgeois democratic owners The ideas of the emancipation of women's emancipation and the idea of the emancipation of women in socialism and so on, such as the emergence of the former Marx doctrine and the contemporaries of the contemporaries on women and women's emancipation, have also accumulated rich ideological resources for the emergence of Marx Engels's women's emancipation thought.
The materialist conception of history and the theory of surplus value provide a solid theoretical basis for Marx and Engels's emancipation of women. From the materialist view of history, Marx and Engels proposed that the imbalance between the production of material material and the production of man's own production led to the situation of slavery and oppression by women. From the theory of surplus value, Marx and Engels The theory of alienation labor and the theory of "fetishism" explain how women are reduced to the fate and status of the "other". Women cannot rely on their own liberation, women must become a member of the proletariat, and achieve gender emancipation through the elimination of private ownership and on the basis of class oppression. In other words, women must pass. To emancipate the proletariat to emancipate itself.
Marx and Engels's emancipation of women has a rich and profound content. Marx and Engels, starting from the reality of women, put women into reality. Through the analysis of the different roles of women, it is pointed out that women must participate in social and public labor as part of the working class, and the liberation of women must rely on NO production order. Through the discussion of the goals and long-term goals of the women's Liberation stage, Marx and Engels put forward the way of women's Liberation in four aspects, including economic, political, cultural and social paths. These are the answers to "what is women's liberation?" "why do women emancipate them?" and "what is it?" The basic problems of women's Liberation include five aspects: body, politics, economy, culture and society.
Marx and Engels's women's emancipation thought influenced the contemporary Chinese and contemporary western feminism with the characteristics of reality, science and revolution, which provided theoretical support for the theory, practice and system innovation of the cause of the liberation of the Communist Party of China, and became a theoretical source of the Chinese theory of the Marx's theory of women. The development of the Chinese women's liberation movement has laid the foundation for the theory and practice of the Chinese characteristic socialist women. At the same time, in the blend and confrontation with the western feminism, Marx and Engels's women's emancipation thought was absorbed and developed by various feminist schools in varying degrees.
Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, China's women's cause has made remarkable achievements, but there are also some problems. The reason is that the remnants of feudalism and the misleading of consumerism are still the main block factors for women's emancipation. Marx and Engels's women's emancipation thought is the main consciousness and self emancipation of women's liberation. Understanding, promoting the legal protection and improvement of women's basic rights and interests, accelerating the political participation of women, promoting women's economic emancipation and independence, are active and effective. In the world, the global women's liberation movement is booming, and the active promotion of the United Nations and other international organizations has promoted the advancement of the women's liberation process. Although the women's liberation movement is practiced in a country with completely different social and historical conditions, it is still in the final analysis that Marx and Engels's emancipation of women's emancipation thought is still glittering.
Marx and Engels's women's emancipation thought opened up the Marx's theory of women, provided the ideological weapon for the women of Marx Engels in the same time, and promoted the development of the cause of the liberation of the capitalist women. At the same time, Marx Engels's emancipation thought was closely connected with the idea of human free and comprehensive development. The perspectives and components are also the deepening and concreting of Marx's theory of human studies. It provides a favorable guidance for the harmonious and healthy development of human society, and is the theoretical guide to guide the liberation of women in China.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：A811;D440

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