本文選題：馬克思恩格斯　切入點(diǎn)：公平正義　出處：《中共山東省委黨校》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：馬克思恩格斯公平正義思想是在批判繼承前人優(yōu)秀思想成果基礎(chǔ)上的科學(xué)發(fā)展，是我們建設(shè)公平正義的社會(huì)主義社會(huì)的指導(dǎo)思想。本文依據(jù)馬克思主義經(jīng)典文本，按照什么是公平正義、對(duì)資本主義社會(huì)不公正的批判、如何實(shí)現(xiàn)公平正義的思路，梳理研究馬克思恩格斯的公平正義思想及其主要特點(diǎn)和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 全文的主要內(nèi)容分為七個(gè)部分： 一、馬克思恩格斯論生產(chǎn)中的公平正義。馬克思恩格斯認(rèn)為，生產(chǎn)中的公平正義就是要正確處理生產(chǎn)中人與自然、人與社會(huì)之間的關(guān)系；資本主義社會(huì)生產(chǎn)不公正主要表現(xiàn)在，生產(chǎn)的目的是追求剩余價(jià)值，而不是為了滿足人的發(fā)展的需要，勞動(dòng)異化導(dǎo)致了工人畸形發(fā)展；要實(shí)現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)公平正義，就應(yīng)變革資本主義生產(chǎn)方式，消滅資本主義生產(chǎn)資料私有制。 二、馬克思恩格斯論交換中的公平正義。馬克思恩格斯認(rèn)為，交換公平正義不僅要有形式公平正義，，更要實(shí)現(xiàn)交換與特定的生產(chǎn)方式相適應(yīng)的實(shí)質(zhì)公平正義；資本主義條件下的交換是形式公平正義掩蓋下的實(shí)質(zhì)不公正；實(shí)現(xiàn)交換公平正義，就應(yīng)變革資本主義條件下交換所賴以存在的基礎(chǔ)——資本主義生產(chǎn)方式。 三、馬克思恩格斯論分配中的公平正義。馬克思恩格斯認(rèn)為分配要與特定的生產(chǎn)方式相適應(yīng)，要以勞動(dòng)的時(shí)間和勞動(dòng)的強(qiáng)度的尺度進(jìn)行分配；批判資產(chǎn)階級(jí)所謂的基于平等權(quán)利的“公平”分配理論；要實(shí)現(xiàn)分配公平正義，就應(yīng)消滅資本主義分配方式賴以存在的資本主義制度，實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)主義和共產(chǎn)主義社會(huì)的按勞分配和按需分配。 四、馬克思恩格斯論消費(fèi)中的公平正義。馬克思恩格斯認(rèn)為，消費(fèi)公平正義是指消費(fèi)要滿足每一個(gè)人生存與發(fā)展的需要；資本主義社會(huì)的生產(chǎn)不能充分滿足廣大工人群眾的消費(fèi)，這種消費(fèi)不足是群眾沒有購(gòu)買能力的相對(duì)不足；只有在社會(huì)主義和共產(chǎn)主義社會(huì)，消費(fèi)公平正義才能真正實(shí)現(xiàn)。 五、馬克思恩格斯論人的發(fā)展中的公平正義。馬克思恩格斯認(rèn)為實(shí)現(xiàn)公平正義要以人的全面發(fā)展為價(jià)值目標(biāo)，公平正義實(shí)現(xiàn)程度也是衡量人的全面發(fā)展的重要尺度；資本主義社會(huì)人的發(fā)展中的非公平正義體現(xiàn)在物對(duì)人的統(tǒng)治以及人的畸形發(fā)展；只有在共產(chǎn)主義社會(huì)才能實(shí)現(xiàn)人的全面自由發(fā)展，進(jìn)而充分體現(xiàn)人的發(fā)展中的公平正義。 六、馬克思恩格斯公平正義思想的主要特點(diǎn)。馬克思恩格斯超越空想社會(huì)主義者，不同于資產(chǎn)階級(jí)思想家的地方，就在于馬克思恩格斯是站在辯證唯物主義和歷史唯物主義立場(chǎng)上，深刻分析資本主義社會(huì)產(chǎn)生不公正的根源，提出了實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)公正的正確途徑。馬克思恩格斯公平正義思想的主要特點(diǎn)是：第一，把發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力作為實(shí)現(xiàn)公平正義的根本途徑；第二，從生產(chǎn)、交換、分配和消費(fèi)的辯證關(guān)系來(lái)研究公平正義；第三，把公平正義的歷史性與相對(duì)性統(tǒng)一起來(lái)；第四，把形式公平正義與實(shí)質(zhì)公平正義辯證統(tǒng)一起來(lái)。 七、馬克思恩格斯公平正義思想的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。我們要深入學(xué)習(xí)馬克思恩格斯的公平正義思想，正確運(yùn)用生產(chǎn)與交換、分配和消費(fèi)的辯證關(guān)系原理，促進(jìn)我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)又好又快發(fā)展；重視人的發(fā)展中的公平正義，推進(jìn)我國(guó)人的全面發(fā)展進(jìn)程。
[Abstract]:Marx Engels, justice is inheriting predecessors'excellent thought of scientific development on the basis of criticism, is our guiding ideology of building a socialist society of justice. On the basis of Marx's classic text, according to what is justice, unjust criticism of capitalist society, how to realize the thought of justice, fairness and justice thought and the main characteristics and practical significance of research Marx Engels.
The main content of the full text is divided into seven parts:
A, Marx Engels on justice in production. Marx Engels believes that the justice in production is to man and nature in the production of correct treatment, the relationship between man and society; social injustice of capitalism production mainly in the production, the purpose is the pursuit of surplus value, and not in order to meet the needs of human development. The alienation of labor workers led to the lopsided development; production to achieve fairness and justice, we should reform the capitalist mode of production, to destroy the capitalist private ownership of the means of production.
Two, Marx Engels on justice in exchange. Marx Engels believes that the exchange of justice should not only have the form of justice, but also to achieve the exchange of justice and adapt to the specific mode of production; the exchange under capitalism is the substantial form of fairness and justice under the cover of injustice; to realize the justice in exchange, it of the capitalist mode of production base change under capitalist conditions for the existence of the exchange.
Three, Marx Engels on justice in distribution. Marx Engels believes that the allocation should be adapted to the specific mode of production, should be allocated to labor time and labor intensity scale; criticism of the so-called bourgeoisie based on equal rights "fair" allocation theory; to realize the distribution of fairness and justice, we should eliminate existing for the distribution way of capitalism and the capitalist system, realize the society of socialism and communism distribution according to work and distribution according to need.
Four, Marx Engels on justice in consumption. Marx Engels believes that consumption justice refers to the consumer to meet the needs of each individual survival and development of the capitalist society; the production can not fully meet the needs of the broad masses of workers consumption, this lack of consumption is relatively less than the masses without purchasing power; only in socialist and Communist society consumption, fairness and justice can be realized.
Five, Marx Engels on the justice of human development. Marx Engels believes that to achieve fairness and justice to the comprehensive development of the value target, an important measure to realize fairness and justice in the comprehensive development level is a measure of fairness and justice; non development of people in the capitalist society embodies the deformity of human development rule and the people in only in the Communist society; in order to realize the comprehensive and free development, which fully embodies the justice of human development.
Six, the main characteristics of Marx and Engels justice thought. Marx and Engels beyond the utopian socialists, different from the bourgeois thinkers, is that Marx Engels is standing on the dialectical materialism and historical materialism, a profound analysis of the capitalist society causes unfair, the right way to realize social justice. The characteristics of Marx and Engels justice ideas are: first, the development of productive forces as the fundamental way to realize fairness and justice; second, from production, exchange, distribution and consumption of the dialectical relationship of fairness and justice; third, the fairness and justice of the historic and the relativity of unity; fourth, the fairness and justice dialectical unity.
Seven, the practical significance of Marx and Engels justice ideas. We have in-depth study of Marx and Engels's justice thought, the correct use of production and exchange, the principle of the dialectical relationship between distribution and consumption, and promote China's economic and social development; pay attention to the justice of human development, promote the overall development process of our country's people.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中共山東省委黨校
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D091.6;A811

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