本文選題：列寧　切入點(diǎn)：政治遺囑　出處：《云南師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：1917年,在列寧的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,俄國(guó)十月革命爆發(fā),經(jīng)過(guò)艱苦的斗爭(zhēng)之后,人類歷史上第一個(gè)無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)政權(quán)建立起來(lái)。在十月革命之后,列寧領(lǐng)導(dǎo)俄國(guó)人民進(jìn)行了艱苦卓絕的社會(huì)主義道路的探索。不管是戰(zhàn)時(shí)共產(chǎn)主義政策還是新經(jīng)濟(jì)政策實(shí)行時(shí)期,列寧都在思考如何在俄國(guó)這個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)文化相對(duì)落后的國(guó)家進(jìn)行社會(huì)主義道路的探索。在不斷的思考和實(shí)踐中,列寧發(fā)現(xiàn),雖然新生的蘇維埃政權(quán)已經(jīng)建立,但是由于沙皇長(zhǎng)期的封建統(tǒng)治,人們的封建思想早已經(jīng)根深蒂固,再加上戰(zhàn)時(shí)共產(chǎn)主義等一系列措施給國(guó)家的生產(chǎn)和生活帶來(lái)了很多負(fù)面的影響。隨著時(shí)間的推移,這種境況逐漸加劇,此時(shí)新生的蘇維埃政權(quán)官僚主義、貪污腐敗日益盛行,民主制度長(zhǎng)期被壓制。這些問(wèn)題都嚴(yán)重威脅著新生的蘇維埃政權(quán),稍有處理不慎,就會(huì)有亡黨、亡國(guó)的危險(xiǎn)�，F(xiàn)在看來(lái),列寧逝世后俄國(guó)的發(fā)展軌跡無(wú)一不印證著列寧的真知灼見(jiàn)。針對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)俄國(guó)可能面臨的危險(xiǎn),結(jié)合馬克思和恩格斯的社會(huì)主義的發(fā)展理論,列寧又進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步的思考和實(shí)踐。然而不幸的是,在1918年,列寧遭到反動(dòng)分子的槍擊,此后他的身體狀況每況愈下。于是在1922年12月至1923年3月,列寧在病中把他對(duì)社會(huì)主義建設(shè)、黨的建設(shè)等重大問(wèn)題的思考以口授的形式加以闡釋,形成了《給代表大會(huì)的信》《關(guān)于賦予國(guó)家計(jì)劃委員會(huì)以立法職能》《關(guān)于民族或“自治化”問(wèn)題》共三封書信,和《日記摘錄》《論合作社》《論我國(guó)革命》《我們?cè)鯓痈慕M工農(nóng)檢查院》《寧肯少些,但要好些》共五篇文章。這三封書信和五篇文章被稱為列寧的“政治遺囑”,其中,包含了列寧對(duì)社會(huì)主義道路探索過(guò)程中政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、社會(huì)等方方面面的思考和建議。列寧的本意是想通過(guò)這些“政治遺囑”,希望能讓俄國(guó)繼續(xù)朝著正確的社會(huì)主義道路前進(jìn)。然而事與愿違,在列寧逝世后,其繼任的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人紛紛拋棄了列寧的思想,導(dǎo)致俄國(guó)的發(fā)展方向逐漸偏離了社會(huì)主義的軌道,并最終導(dǎo)致了國(guó)家的解體。如今,雖世殊世異,但是重讀列寧的“政治遺囑”,對(duì)于當(dāng)今世界處于困境中的社會(huì)主義國(guó)家依然具有十分重要的啟示意義。我國(guó)目前正處于全面建成小康的決勝階段,各種瓶頸問(wèn)題日益凸顯,回顧和總結(jié)列寧的“政治遺囑”仍然有其特殊的時(shí)代價(jià)值。本文通過(guò)文獻(xiàn)研究、對(duì)比分析以及綜合歸納等研究方法,闡述了列寧“政治遺囑”產(chǎn)生的時(shí)代背景、主要內(nèi)容、歷史命運(yùn)及其當(dāng)代價(jià)值,深刻地剖析了列寧“政治遺囑”思想的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)和價(jià)值意義。真理永遠(yuǎn)都不會(huì)過(guò)時(shí),并且隨著時(shí)間的發(fā)展,它的價(jià)值會(huì)愈加受到重視,大放異彩。
[Abstract]:In 1917, under Lenin's leadership, Russia's October Revolution broke out, after arduous struggle, the first proletarian regime was established in human history.After the October Revolution, Lenin led the Russian people to explore the road to socialism.Whether during the period of communist policy or new economic policy, Lenin was thinking about how to explore the socialist road in Russia, a country with relatively backward economy and culture.In constant thought and practice, Lenin found that although the new Soviet regime had been established, the feudal ideology of the people had long been deeply rooted because of the long feudal rule of the tsar.In addition, a series of measures, such as wartime communism, brought a lot of negative effects to the country's production and life.As time went on, the situation grew worse, as the nascent Soviet bureaucracy, corruption and democracy were suppressed for a long time.These problems are a serious threat to the new Soviet regime, if handled carelessly, there is a danger of the party and subjugation.Now it'seems that the development of Russia after Lenin's death is a proof of Lenin's insight.In view of the danger that Russia might face at that time, Lenin further pondered and put it into practice in combination with Marx and Engels' theory of socialist development.Unfortunately, Lenin was shot by reactionaries in 1918, and his health deteriorated.So from December 1922 to March 1923, Lenin explained in his illness his thoughts on major issues such as socialist construction and party building in the form of dictation."A letter to the Congress," "giving legislative functions to the State Planning Commission," "on the issue of nationality or" autonomy, "a total of three letters,And "Diary excerpts" "on the Co-operatives" "on the Revolution of our country" "how to restructure the Inspection Institutes of Workers and Peasants]" < would be less, but better? "A total of five articles.These three letters and five articles are called Lenin's "political will", which contains Lenin's thoughts and suggestions on politics, economy, culture and society in the course of exploring the socialist road.Lenin was meant to pass these political wills, hoping to keep Russia on the right path to socialism.However, after Lenin's death, his successors abandoned Lenin's ideas, leading Russia to deviate from the socialist track and eventually lead to the disintegration of the country.Today, although the world is different, rereading Lenin's "political will" is still of great significance to the socialist countries in the plight of the world.At present, our country is in the decisive stage of building a well-off society in an all-round way, and all kinds of bottleneck problems are becoming more and more prominent. Reviewing and summarizing Lenin's "political will" still has its special value of the times.Through literature research, comparative analysis and comprehensive induction, this paper expounds the background, main contents, historical fate and contemporary value of Lenin's political will.This paper deeply analyzes the developing thread and value meaning of Lenin's thought of political will.Truth never goes out of date, and as time goes on, its value becomes more and more important.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：A82

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本文編號(hào)：1721921