本文選題：馬克思　切入點：人的發(fā)展　出處：《江南大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：立足于馬克思恩格斯的原著，從橫向角度對馬克思人的發(fā)展理論的內涵進行分析和整合。指出馬克思人的發(fā)展理論是以資本主義社會中人的不全面和不自由為邏輯起點，從現實中的人出發(fā)，通過縮短人的必要勞動時間獲得更多自由。人的全面發(fā)展包括勞動能力的發(fā)展、社會關系的發(fā)展和自由個性的發(fā)展。發(fā)達的生產力、與生產力相適應的生產關系以及人的不斷實踐是達到全面而自由發(fā)展的前提條件。人的發(fā)展與社會發(fā)展過程應相輔相成，既要促進社會生產力的發(fā)展，又要在此基礎上關注人的現實生活需要。 立足于中國社會主義發(fā)展歷史實踐，從縱向角度對毛澤東、鄧小平、江澤民、胡錦濤及有關學者在他們自己所處的社會階段，為推進人的全面而自由發(fā)展的實現做出的理論和實踐創(chuàng)新，予以分析概括。中國特色社會主義建設過程就是實踐和發(fā)展馬克思人的發(fā)展理論的過程。人民民主專政的國家政權和以公有制為主體的社會主義生產關系的建立，，為人的發(fā)展創(chuàng)造了基礎條件。改革開放的偉大實踐不斷改革生產關系和上層建筑中不適應生產力發(fā)展和人的發(fā)展的體制和環(huán)節(jié)，為人的發(fā)展提供了強勁動力。“三個代表”重要思想，明確了人的全面發(fā)展在社會主義社會中的重要地位和作用。“以人為本”、“全面協(xié)調可持續(xù)”的科學發(fā)展觀，為人的發(fā)展指明了新的方向。 立足于當代中國的現實，馬克思所致力于解決的核心問題——人類的全面發(fā)展和自由解放問題，仍然是今天人們面臨的不僅沒有解決、甚至在某種程度上更趨嚴峻的問題。直面新形勢下人的發(fā)展困境，存在的問題及原因主要有：經濟發(fā)展的轉向不到位導致“見物不見人”，生產力水平的欠發(fā)達制約著人的全面發(fā)展程度，政治建設的相對滯后限制著人的自由發(fā)展空間，文化建設的“信仰缺失”危害著人的精神世界，社會建設的突出矛盾削弱著人的生活質量，比如收入分配上“國強民弱”、貧富差距逐漸拉大、幸福感日益缺失等。 通過對馬克思人的發(fā)展理論的準確理解和認識，按照人的全面發(fā)展理論所要求的社會歷史條件，將馬克思人的發(fā)展理論與當代中國的現實實踐緊密結合，提出要勇于解放思想變革觀念，真正樹立“以人為本”的發(fā)展導向；積極創(chuàng)造人的發(fā)展的經濟條件，堅持和完善社會主義市場經濟體制；大力推進政治文明建設，充分發(fā)揮人民群眾的主體作用；努力滿足人民群眾的精神需求，著力建立社會主義核心價值體系；真正落實經濟社會發(fā)展“以人為本”，切實保障人民群眾的各項權益。在基本理念與指導思想上，要逐漸從“國富”轉到“民富”，關注民本；從“效率”轉到“公平”，關注民享；從“GDP”轉到“幸福指數”，關注民生。
[Abstract]:Based on the original works of Marx and Engels, this paper analyzes and integrates the connotation of Marx's theory of human development from a horizontal point of view, and points out that Marx's theory of human development is based on the incomplete and unfree human beings in the capitalist society as the logical starting point. From the point of view of human beings, we can obtain more freedom by shortening the necessary working hours. The all-round development of human beings includes the development of labor ability, the development of social relations and the development of free personality. The relations of production and the continuous practice of human beings are the prerequisite for achieving comprehensive and free development. The development of human beings and the process of social development should complement each other and promote the development of social productive forces. On this basis, we should pay attention to the real life needs of people. Based on the historical practice of the development of socialism in China, and from a vertical point of view to Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin, Jiang Zemin, and relevant scholars in their own social stage, The theoretical and practical innovations made to promote the all-round and free development of human beings, The process of building socialism with Chinese characteristics is the process of practicing and developing Marx's theory of human development, the establishment of the state power under the people's democratic dictatorship and the establishment of socialist production relations dominated by public ownership. The great practice of reform and opening to the outside world has continuously reformed the systems and links in the production relations and superstructure that are not suitable for the development of productive forces and human development. The important thought of "three represents" makes clear the important position and function of man's all-round development in the socialist society, the scientific development view of "people-oriented" and "overall coordination and sustainable". It shows a new direction for human development. Based on the reality of contemporary China, Marx is committed to solving the core problem-the all-round development of mankind and the issue of freedom liberation, which people are facing today is not only unsolved, Even more serious problems to some extent. Facing the plight of human development under the new situation, The main problems and reasons are as follows: the lack of economic development leads to "seeing things and not seeing people", the underdevelopment of productive forces restricts the overall development of people, and the relative lag of political construction restricts people's free development space. The "lack of belief" in cultural construction endangers the spiritual world of human beings, and the prominent contradictions in social construction weaken the quality of life of people, such as income distribution, "the country is strong and the people are weak", the gap between the rich and the poor is gradually widening, and the happiness is increasingly lacking, and so on. Through an accurate understanding and understanding of Marx's theory of human development, and in accordance with the social and historical conditions required by the theory of all-round development of human beings, Marx's theory of human development is closely combined with the practical practice of contemporary China. We should be brave to emancipate our minds and reform our ideas, set up the development orientation of "people-oriented", actively create the economic conditions for human development, adhere to and improve the socialist market economic system, vigorously promote the construction of political civilization, Give full play to the main role of the people, strive to meet the spiritual needs of the masses, and strive to establish a socialist core value system; In the basic idea and guiding ideology, we should gradually change from "national wealth" to "people's wealth", from "efficiency" to "fairness" and pay attention to people's interests. From GDP to Happiness Index, focus on people's livelihood.
【學位授予單位】：江南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：A811

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