本文選題：馬克思　切入點：現(xiàn)代性批判　出處：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：考察馬克思思想與現(xiàn)代性的關(guān)系必須站在歷史的角度。馬克思現(xiàn)代性思想起源于啟蒙精神,他的現(xiàn)代性思想與啟蒙精神所倡導(dǎo)的“自由”、“理性”、“自我意識”之間的關(guān)系,理論界有很多說法。近年來,有學(xué)者從馬克思思想與啟蒙思想的聯(lián)系出發(fā),認為兩者具有同一性,從而站在后現(xiàn)代主義的角度,對馬克思思想進行現(xiàn)代性批判；也有學(xué)者從馬克思思想與啟蒙思想的區(qū)別出發(fā),認為兩者具有差異性,進而為馬克思的后現(xiàn)代性辯護。對于這個問題,我們需要站在歷史的角度,對馬克思現(xiàn)代性思想的發(fā)展進行一個梳理,從而揭示馬克思對現(xiàn)代性思想的認識具有一個從認同到批判再到超越的過程。 本論文的創(chuàng)作意圖,就是對馬克思的現(xiàn)代性思想的發(fā)展進路和演變過程進行一個細致的梳理。任何事物和思想的發(fā)展演變,都是在特定的歷史時期,特定的歷史環(huán)境下進行的。因此,我們看問題想事情要學(xué)會站在歷史的視角,在對所有的歷史環(huán)境進行分析后,才能得出全面的較準確的定位和判斷�？疾祚R克思思想與現(xiàn)代性的關(guān)系也應(yīng)如此。本論文的特色就是學(xué)會用歷史的視角來分析問題認識問題。 本論文共分為七章。導(dǎo)論部分介紹了學(xué)術(shù)界對于馬克思思想與現(xiàn)代性關(guān)系的不同認識,以及現(xiàn)代性的內(nèi)涵,現(xiàn)代性問題的源起,現(xiàn)代性問題的實質(zhì)。主體部分共用五章內(nèi)容,對馬克思現(xiàn)代性思想的邏輯進路,進行了細致的梳理。共分為五個階段。第一階段,早年的馬克思面對德國的落后現(xiàn)實,思想上深受青年黑格爾派的影響,對現(xiàn)代性立場持真誠認同的態(tài)度。第二階段,面對現(xiàn)實物質(zhì)的利益難事,馬克思發(fā)現(xiàn)早期的啟蒙現(xiàn)代性原則在現(xiàn)實物質(zhì)利益面前失去意義,思想上產(chǎn)生了困惑,于是開始對理性的法和理性的國家展開批判性反思,這就埋下了與現(xiàn)代性分離的種子。并通過發(fā)表在“德法年鑒”的兩篇論文實現(xiàn)了對現(xiàn)代性立場的徹底轉(zhuǎn)向。又結(jié)合《1844年經(jīng)濟學(xué)哲學(xué)手稿》,展開了對現(xiàn)代性多學(xué)科多領(lǐng)域的全面批判,并形成了自己特有的歷史唯物主義觀念。第三階段,從意識形態(tài)批判的角度揭示了現(xiàn)代性的虛偽本質(zhì)。這主要是通過《神圣家族》中對黑格爾派思辨唯心主義的批判：《德意志意識形態(tài)》中與費爾巴哈歷史唯心主義的清算；以及《哲學(xué)的貧困》中與普魯東的決裂來實現(xiàn)的。在此基礎(chǔ)上上,《共產(chǎn)黨宣言》的發(fā)表是對之前現(xiàn)代性思想的一個總體性概括,它站在歷史唯物主義視角下,從階級斗爭切入,向讀者展示了現(xiàn)代社會的輝煌成績,同時也指出了現(xiàn)代社會的歷史困境和現(xiàn)代危機,充分展現(xiàn)了馬恩對現(xiàn)代性批判的全部主題,標志著馬克思對現(xiàn)代性的批判思想的成熟。第四階段,面對新的歷史事實,1848年歐洲革命的慘敗,馬克思開始對自己之前的現(xiàn)代性思想展開全面反思,尤其是對之前樂觀激進的革命態(tài)度展開反思,他認識到無產(chǎn)階級革命的爆發(fā)需要適時的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)�，F(xiàn)代性批判應(yīng)該回歸到政治經(jīng)濟學(xué)專門領(lǐng)域的批判,需要認真分析現(xiàn)代資本運作原則。《資本論》的經(jīng)濟學(xué)分析,是馬克思現(xiàn)代性批判的重要的基礎(chǔ)性部分。第五階段,晚期馬克思對現(xiàn)代性的沉思。馬克思晚年時候,仍然致力于對現(xiàn)代性的思考,《哥達綱領(lǐng)批判》可以看做反映其現(xiàn)代性批判思想的一個代表作。這一著作以論戰(zhàn)的形式,總結(jié)概括了馬克思一生的現(xiàn)代性思想。 在梳理的過程中,我們就可以得出結(jié)語：馬克思對現(xiàn)代性思想的認識,經(jīng)歷了從早期的肯定、認同到分裂,再到全面的批判和科學(xué)的超越的過程。
[Abstract]:Study on the relationship between Marx thought and modernity must stand in a historical perspective. Marx's thought of modernity originated in the spirit of the enlightenment, his thought of modernity and the enlightenment spirit advocated by the "freedom", "rational", "self consciousness" in between, there are many theoretical theory. In recent years, scholars from Marx thought and Enlightenment of the relationship, that the two are the same, which stood in the view of postmodernism, the modern critique of Marx thought; some scholars from the difference between Marx's thought and the enlightenment thought of, think they have differences, and Marx's Postmodern justification for this problem. And we need to stand in the angle of history, a comb of the development of Marx's thought of modernity, which reveals Marx's understanding of modern thought has a from identity to the criticism to ultra The more process.
This paper's creation intention, development approach and the evolution of modern thought of Marx was a meticulous combing. The evolution of things and ideas that are in a specific historical period, the specific historical circumstances. Therefore, we can think of things to learn from a historical perspective and the analysis of all the historical environment, in order to obtain comprehensive and accurate positioning and judgment. Relationship between Marx thought and modernity as well. The characteristics of this paper is to learn how to use historical perspective to analyze the problems of recognition problems.
This paper is divided into seven chapters. The introduction part introduces the academic circles of different understandings of the relationship between Marx thought and modernity, and the modern connotation, the origin of the problem of modernity, the essence of modern issues. The main part of five chapters, the logical approach to Marx's thought of modernity, carefully analyzes is divided into five stages. The first stage, the early Marx face the reality behind the German influence, thought by the young Hagel school, the true identity of the standpoint of modernity attitude. The second stage, facing the reality of material interests is difficult, Marx discovered the principle of the early enlightenment modernity is meaningless in the face of the reality of material interests, ideological confusion, began to expand the critical reflection on the rational method and rational state, which is buried under a separate and modern seed. And through published in Germany and France Two papers in "to achieve a complete modern position. And combined with the <1844 economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 >, launched a comprehensive critique of modern multidisciplinary field, and formed its own unique concept of historical materialism. The third stage, reveals the hypocritical nature of modernity from the perspective of ideology criticism this is mainly criticized. Speculative idealism of Hagel through the Holy Family: < > < liquidation and Feuerbach historical idealism in the German Ideology > and < >; the poverty of philosophy and Proudhon break to achieve. On this basis, the" Communist Manifesto "published a total of before the modern the thought of generalization, it stands in the perspective of historical materialism, from the perspective of class struggle, showing the brilliant achievements of modern society to the reader, but also pointed out that the modern social and historical dilemma The modern crisis, fully demonstrated the Isle of man all the themes of modern criticism, mark Marx's critique of modernity thoughts. In the fourth stage, facing the new historical facts, defeat in Europe in the 1848 revolution, Marx began the idea of modernity on their own before the comprehensive reflection, especially the reflection on optimism before radical the revolutionary attitude, he realized that the outbreak of the proletarian revolution need timely material basis. Modern criticism should return to the critique of political economics in specialized fields, the need for careful analysis of economic analysis of modern capital operation principle. Capital >, Marx's critique of modernity is an important and basic part. In the fifth stage, the late Marx on modernity thought. Marx in his later years, still committed to the thinking of modernity, "critique of the Gotha Program > can be seen as reflect the Modernity Criticism Thought In the form of controversy, this book summarizes Marx's thought of modernity in his life.
In the process of sorting out, we can conclude that Marx's understanding of modernity thought has gone through the affirmation from early stage to the split, then to the process of comprehensive criticism and scientific transcendence.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：A811

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