本文關(guān)鍵詞： 馬克思 恩格斯 小農(nóng)改造 小農(nóng)　出處：《曲阜師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：中國是一個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)大國，也是一個(gè)農(nóng)民大國，農(nóng)民是伴隨著古代農(nóng)業(yè)文明而產(chǎn)生，是一個(gè)龐大的社會(huì)群體，而小農(nóng)構(gòu)成農(nóng)民的大多數(shù)。目前學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)馬克思恩格斯的小農(nóng)改造理論研究重視不夠，沒有充分認(rèn)識(shí)到小農(nóng)改造的長期性以及艱巨性。本文期望通過對(duì)馬克思恩格斯小農(nóng)改造理論的系統(tǒng)解讀，探討其對(duì)我國解決農(nóng)民問題的現(xiàn)實(shí)啟示，，以更好地推進(jìn)新農(nóng)村建設(shè)。 文章共分為四大部分。第一部分是馬克思恩格斯關(guān)于小農(nóng)的基本界定。在這一部分論述了馬克思恩格斯對(duì)小農(nóng)的定義、特征及其地位的相關(guān)理論闡釋。 第二部分系統(tǒng)分析和探究了馬克思恩格斯小農(nóng)改造理論的主要內(nèi)容，是本文論述的重點(diǎn)。主要包括：第一，從保障無產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命、向共產(chǎn)主義過渡、推動(dòng)社會(huì)文明進(jìn)步等三個(gè)層面論述了改造小農(nóng)的重要意義；第二，關(guān)于小農(nóng)改造的基本原則，主要有自愿互利原則、循序漸進(jìn)原則和國家?guī)椭瓌t；第三，關(guān)于小農(nóng)改造的具體路徑，主要從改造土地所有制和小農(nóng)的生產(chǎn)方式、建立合作社等組織載體、加強(qiáng)政治教育等三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了論述。 第三部分闡述了馬克思恩格斯小農(nóng)改造理論的歷史地位。文中對(duì)馬克思恩格斯的小農(nóng)改造理論從歷史貢獻(xiàn)和歷史局限兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了評(píng)析。其歷史貢獻(xiàn)主要體現(xiàn)在：一是馬克思恩格斯農(nóng)民問題理論的重要組成部分；二是列寧小農(nóng)改造思想的重要來源。其歷史局限體現(xiàn)在：一是沒有充分預(yù)料到小農(nóng)的生命力及其存在的長期性；二是具有強(qiáng)烈的政治指向性，而對(duì)小農(nóng)自身的利益顧及不足。 第四部分探討了馬克思恩格斯小農(nóng)改造理論的現(xiàn)實(shí)啟示，主要包括：對(duì)小農(nóng)的社會(huì)地位的認(rèn)識(shí)應(yīng)與時(shí)俱進(jìn)；深刻認(rèn)識(shí)改造小農(nóng)的重要性和艱巨性；國家在小農(nóng)改造中責(zé)無旁貸；改造小農(nóng)的關(guān)鍵是改造其落后的生產(chǎn)方式；應(yīng)重視發(fā)揮農(nóng)民合作組織對(duì)小農(nóng)改造的作用。
[Abstract]:China is a large agricultural country and also a large peasant country. The peasants came into being along with the ancient agricultural civilization, and they are a huge social group. However, small farmers constitute the majority of farmers. At present, the academic circles pay less attention to Marx and Engels' theory of small farmers' transformation. This paper hopes that through the systematic interpretation of Marx and Engels' theory of small farmers' transformation, it will discuss its practical enlightenment to solve the problems of farmers in our country, so as to better promote the construction of new countryside. The article is divided into four parts. The first part is Marx and Engels' basic definition of smallholder farmers. In this part, the author expounds Marx and Engels' definition, characteristics and status of smallholder farmers. The second part systematically analyzes and explores the main contents of Marx and Engels' theory of small peasant transformation, which is the focus of this paper. The main contents include: first, the transition from protecting the proletarian revolution to communism, Three levels of promoting social civilization and progress are discussed on the importance of reforming small farmers. Second, the basic principles of small farmers reform mainly include the principle of voluntary mutual benefit, the principle of gradual progress and the principle of state help. Third, On the specific path of small farmers reform, mainly from the transformation of land ownership and the production mode of small farmers, the establishment of cooperatives and other organizational carrier, strengthen political education, etc. The third part expounds the historical position of Marx and Engels' theory of small farmers' transformation, and analyzes Marx and Engels' theory of small farmers' transformation from two aspects: historical contribution and historical limitation. Now: one is the important part of Marx and Engels' theory of peasant problem; The second is the important source of Lenin's thought of small farmers' reform. Its historical limitation is that it does not fully anticipate the vitality of small farmers and the long-term nature of their existence; second, it has a strong political orientation and has insufficient regard for the interests of small farmers themselves. Part 4th discusses the practical enlightenment of Marx and Engels' theory of small farmers' transformation, mainly including: the understanding of small farmers' social status should keep pace with the times, the profound understanding of the importance and difficulty of small farmers' transformation; The key to the transformation of small farmers is to transform their backward mode of production, and to give play to the role of farmers' cooperative organizations in the transformation of small farmers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F320;A811

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