本文關(guān)鍵詞：《法德農(nóng)民問題》中的農(nóng)民利益思想研究　出處：《曲阜師范大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：農(nóng)民利益問題是馬克思恩格斯畢生都予以高度關(guān)注的重大問題。恩格斯晚年所作的《法德農(nóng)民問題》,包含著豐富的農(nóng)民利益思想,是馬克思主義農(nóng)民利益思想的光輝著作。在新的歷史時(shí)期,如何更好地保護(hù)和增進(jìn)農(nóng)民利益,是我們必須破解的一道難題。而研究恩格斯晚年的農(nóng)民利益思想,為破解這一難題提供了可資借鑒的有益理論資源。本文從農(nóng)民利益的角度對《法德農(nóng)民問題》展開研究,主要分為四大部分:第一部分,主要論述了恩格斯對《南特綱領(lǐng)》的批判。19世紀(jì)末由于農(nóng)業(yè)資本主義的入侵,農(nóng)民生活日益窘困,法國和德國面臨著嚴(yán)峻的農(nóng)民問題。農(nóng)民運(yùn)動(dòng)此起彼伏,農(nóng)民的政治力量日漸凸顯。一直忙于議會(huì)選舉斗爭的法國和德國社會(huì)主義政黨,由此將注意力轉(zhuǎn)向農(nóng)民手中的選票,通過了新的土地綱領(lǐng)《南特綱領(lǐng)》并獲得了部分農(nóng)民的支持。與法德兩國政黨的沾沾自喜形成強(qiáng)烈反差的是恩格斯對《南特綱領(lǐng)》的批判。恩格斯對這種以違反社會(huì)主義原則而吸引農(nóng)民選票的綱領(lǐng)表達(dá)了強(qiáng)烈不滿,對綱領(lǐng)的內(nèi)容給予了一一駁斥,并在此背景下創(chuàng)作了《法德農(nóng)民問題》。第二部分,解讀了《法德農(nóng)民問題》中的農(nóng)民利益思想,具體從維護(hù)農(nóng)民利益的重要性與如何維護(hù)農(nóng)民利益這兩個(gè)角度展開。恩格斯認(rèn)為,維護(hù)農(nóng)民利益對于無產(chǎn)階級政黨有著三方面的重大意義:可以直接吸收農(nóng)民加入政黨,壯大無產(chǎn)階級政黨的力量;可以與整個(gè)農(nóng)民階級結(jié)成工農(nóng)聯(lián)盟,從而成功奪取政權(quán);可以更快速的建設(shè)社會(huì)主義。對于如何在社會(huì)主義原則下維護(hù)農(nóng)民利益,恩格斯也提出了一整套行之有效的方案。第三部分,論證了《法德農(nóng)民問題》在馬克思主義農(nóng)民利益思想發(fā)展史的理論貢獻(xiàn)�！斗ǖ罗r(nóng)民問題》不僅繼承堅(jiān)持了馬克思主義農(nóng)民利益思想,而且在維護(hù)農(nóng)民利益的重點(diǎn)對象、方式、具體途徑等方面發(fā)展了馬克思主義農(nóng)民利益思想。第四部分,探討了《法德農(nóng)民問題》中農(nóng)民利益思想的現(xiàn)實(shí)啟示,主要是:維護(hù)農(nóng)民利益要妥善解決農(nóng)村土地問題;維護(hù)農(nóng)民利益要尊重農(nóng)民的意愿與首創(chuàng)精神;要制定符合農(nóng)民實(shí)際的惠農(nóng)政策;要重視以農(nóng)民組織化維護(hù)農(nóng)民利益;發(fā)展壯大農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)是保障農(nóng)民利益的必由之路。
[Abstract]:The problem of peasants' interests is a major issue of Marx Engels's life are highly concerned. < Franco German peasant problem Engels's later work, contains rich thought of the interests of farmers, is a brilliant work of Marx doctrine of peasants' interests. In the new historical period, how to better protect and promote the interests of farmers, is a problem we must break the thought of Engels in his later years. The research interests of farmers, provides a useful theoretical reference resources to solve this problem. This paper studies problems of farmers from the farmers > < German interests, mainly divided into four parts: the first part mainly discusses Engels to the Nantes programme of critical.19 > > at the end of the century since the invasion of the agricultural capitalism, farmer life is poor, France and Germany are facing serious problems. The peasant movement of farmers farmers' political power, as one falls, another rises. Highlight has been engaged in a fight. Elections for the French and German Socialist Party, which will turn their attention to the farmers of the vote, adopted the new land program < Nantes programme was part of > and the support of farmers. And the formation of a Franco German Party pleased with oneself strong anti poor Engels is critical of the "Nantes programme > Engels. This is in violation of the principle of socialism and to attract farmers the votes of the program have expressed strong dissatisfaction on the agenda to refute, and under the background of the creation. The second part, the peasant problem", interpretation of the ideological problems of farmers, < > in the interests of farmers, specifically from the importance of safeguarding the interests of farmers and farmers how to maintain the interests of these two perspectives. Engels believes that safeguarding the interests of farmers is of great significance in three aspects: the proletarian party can directly absorb farmers To join the party, strengthen the proletarian party power; can make the alliance of workers and peasants and the peasantry, to seize power; can be more rapid for socialist construction. How to safeguard the interests of farmers in the principles of socialism, Engels put forward a series of effective solutions. The third part, theoretical contribution. > demonstrates the Franco German peasant problem < >, farmers in the history of the development of Marx's thought of the interests of farmers not only inherited the thought of Marx, adhere to the interests of farmers, but also in focus, to safeguard the interests of farmers, the specific ways of development of thought of Marx's doctrine of the interests of farmers. In the fourth part, discusses the enlightenment thought, the interests of farmers "peasant problem", the main is to safeguard the interests of farmers to solve the problem of rural land; safeguard the interests of farmers to respect the wishes of farmers and the first fine God must set up a policy of benefiting farmers that accords with the reality of farmers. We must attach importance to farmers' systematization and safeguard the interests of farmers. The only way to protect farmers' interests is to develop and expand the rural collective economy.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：A811

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