本文關(guān)鍵詞：同一性與指稱理論評(píng)析，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

同一性與指稱理論評(píng)析

     2009-7-22 17:47:06     來(lái)源：     

　　論文標(biāo)題同一性與指稱理論評(píng)析
Analysis on the Theory of Identity and Reference
論文作者呂進(jìn)
論文導(dǎo)師何向東,論文學(xué)位碩士,論文專業(yè)邏輯學(xué)
論文單位西南師范大學(xué),點(diǎn)擊次數(shù)27,論文頁(yè)數(shù)37頁(yè)File Size2536k
2005-04-01同一性;指稱;可能世界;認(rèn)識(shí);實(shí)踐
identity; reference; possible world; cognition; practice
自近代哲學(xué)特別是現(xiàn)代邏輯發(fā)展以來(lái),同一性一直是邏輯學(xué)家和哲學(xué)家們熱烈討論的話題。其中比較有影響的主要有洛克、萊布尼茨、弗雷格、羅素、維特根斯坦、克里普克等。 關(guān)于同一性,歷史上提出了幾個(gè)主要問題:什么是同一性?是關(guān)于個(gè)體的同一還是關(guān)于共相的同一?指稱理論怎樣解決同一性問題?隨著模態(tài)邏輯的興起,還提出了跨世界同一及其識(shí)別問題,以及與這個(gè)問題有著密切聯(lián)系的關(guān)于本質(zhì)主義的爭(zhēng)論。對(duì)于這些問題的不同解答,表現(xiàn)出了不同的邏輯觀和認(rèn)識(shí)論觀點(diǎn)。本文圍繞這些問題,在闡釋、比較、分析各種觀點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行討論,得出這樣的觀點(diǎn):應(yīng)當(dāng)在堅(jiān)持認(rèn)識(shí)的整體論和發(fā)生論的基礎(chǔ)上討論同一性;同一性相對(duì)于作為背景的整體認(rèn)知而言是必然的。 全文分為四個(gè)部分: 第一部分:在緒言論證了同一性是相對(duì)于個(gè)體而言的基礎(chǔ)上,闡釋和探討了洛克、萊布尼茨等人的觀點(diǎn),提出把同一性限制在萊布尼茨框架下進(jìn)行討論。同時(shí)提出并分析了同一性的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)問題、同一性的必然性問題的幾種觀點(diǎn),由此引出關(guān)于同一性的幾個(gè)基本命題進(jìn)行討論,說明了同一性與指稱的密切關(guān)系。 第二部分:詳細(xì)分析了兩種主要的關(guān)于名稱的指稱理論:以羅素為代表的摹狀詞理論和以克里普克的歷史因果的指稱理論。分別討論了它們的優(yōu)劣以及對(duì)同一性命題的解釋及其得失。由于克里普克對(duì)摹狀詞理論的批評(píng)集中在可能世界中的缺陷,由此引入了跨世界同一及其識(shí)別問題。 第三部分:分析探討了不同的可能世界觀下面的跨世界同一及其識(shí)別問題。 第四部分:結(jié)論。提出并論證了以下觀點(diǎn):為摹狀詞理論辯護(hù):一種新的可能世界觀以及它對(duì)同一性的解釋;同一性認(rèn)識(shí)的認(rèn)識(shí)論后果:實(shí)踐要求必須堅(jiān)持整體論和發(fā)生論的認(rèn)識(shí)觀。
Since modern philosophy especially modern logic developed, the discussion among logicians and philosophers have long been focused on identity in the realm of logic and philosophy. Among them those with great influence include Locke , Leibniz , Russell, Wittgenstein, Kripke, etc.As for identity, the main questions put forward in history are: What is identity? Is it the identity of individual or of community? How will the theory of reference resolve the problem of identity? With the theory of model logic being raised, the problem of global unification and its identification, as well as essentialism, are also put forward. Different logic and epistemological view are showed in the solution toward these problems. This paper will discuss these problems by interpreting and comparing different ideas and then come to such a conclusion: We should discuss identity on the basis of cognitive generality and development. Identity is inevitable on opposite of the whole cognition as background.The whole article is divided into four parts:Part one interprets and discusses the view of Locke and Leibniz and puts forward that the problem of identity should be discussed under Leibniz"s frame. It also proposes and analyzes identity criteria and identity necessity. Thereafter a few basic concepts about identity are consulted and the relation between identity and reference are explained.The second part analyzes two important reference theory concerning name: Description Theory represented by Russell and Historical Casual Theory of Reference represented by Kripke. The part discusses their advantages and disadvantages and then global identity and identification are led in.Part three analyzes global identity and its identification under different possible view of the world: Those who oppose the possibility of the world deny the existence of this problem; The other who support the possibility of the world hold on their own view.Part four is the conclusion. This final part puts forward and expounds the following viewpoint: Defending on Description Theory; A new possible global view and its explanation about identity; The epistemological result from identity cognition; Practice requires insistence on the theory of general and genetic epistemology.

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：同一性與指稱理論評(píng)析，，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

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