法象明器 占施知來——先秦鼎文化考論
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-03 11:15
【摘要】： 本文從青銅鼎形器入手,以先秦時(shí)期為背景,探索青銅鼎的設(shè)計(jì)發(fā)展進(jìn)程及其相關(guān)的先秦物質(zhì)、社會(huì)和精神文化內(nèi)涵。 全文重點(diǎn)研究四個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容：一、青銅鼎的形式及其設(shè)計(jì)演進(jìn)邏輯；二、先秦時(shí)期青銅鼎的生產(chǎn)方式,包括冶銅技術(shù)的發(fā)展與鑄鼎技術(shù)的革新；三、先秦時(shí)期圍繞青銅鼎的功能有關(guān)的人類生活方式,包括飲食方式、社會(huì)禮制與宗教文化；四、通過對先秦青銅鼎這一典型器物之設(shè)計(jì)文化研究,探索人類社會(huì)生產(chǎn)方式、生活方式與設(shè)計(jì)行為的相互關(guān)系；五、通過與中國古代設(shè)計(jì)文化的互讀互釋以及對設(shè)計(jì)哲學(xué)的深入思考,探討傳統(tǒng)文化的繼承方式。 青銅鼎形器是中國古代青銅文化的代表,也是較為特殊的一種青銅器,不論是對于作為食器的飲食功能而言或是作為禮器、祭器的社會(huì)功能或宗教功能而言,青銅鼎都是使用最廣、地位最高的一種青銅器,因此在形制和紋飾方面的設(shè)計(jì)形式也較為復(fù)雜。商人尊神重鬼,所以青銅鼎作為祭器的功能排在首位,紋飾設(shè)計(jì)的發(fā)展是這一時(shí)期形式演進(jìn)的重點(diǎn),尤以動(dòng)物紋圖案的各種抽象變化最為明顯。形制設(shè)計(jì)上的局部調(diào)整也多為突出青銅鼎莊重、渾厚、嚴(yán)肅的意象,表現(xiàn)了商人對祖先神靈的無限敬仰,同時(shí)這一時(shí)期的青銅鼎也是商代帝王借助人神關(guān)系來維護(hù)和鞏固統(tǒng)治地位的工具。周人尊禮尚德,倫理思想在青銅鼎的形式設(shè)計(jì)中占據(jù)主導(dǎo)。由于周人的飲食文化替代了商人的飲酒文化,禮制思想替代了神制觀念,所以青銅鼎作為飲食器具和禮器的功能排在首位,形制設(shè)計(jì)的發(fā)展是這一時(shí)期形式演進(jìn)的重點(diǎn),尤以器身、鼎足、立耳等結(jié)構(gòu)的變化最為明顯。因?yàn)轱嬍彻δ艿男枰?所以青銅鼎開始出現(xiàn)不同的形制分類；由于社會(huì)功能的需要,所以誕生了列鼎的形式。這一時(shí)期青銅器的形式設(shè)計(jì)不斷表現(xiàn)出系統(tǒng)化、規(guī)范化的特征。至春秋戰(zhàn)國時(shí)期,因?yàn)槎Y樂制度的瓦解,青銅鼎的形式設(shè)計(jì)不再趨于統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn),而是隨著地域的變化表現(xiàn)出明顯的地方特征,形制設(shè)計(jì)上的迥異則更為突出。 青銅鼎在形式上的演進(jìn)是先秦人類生存方式不斷發(fā)展的表現(xiàn)。其形式設(shè)計(jì)的變化決定于生產(chǎn)方式,來源于生活方式。此不僅是針對青銅鼎這一種器物設(shè)計(jì)發(fā)展演進(jìn)的規(guī)律,更是從古至今人類的設(shè)計(jì)行為所不能違背的哲理。首先,青銅器的生產(chǎn)資料決定了生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的選擇,而生產(chǎn)技術(shù)又決定了器物設(shè)計(jì)的方向,正是這種先秦社會(huì)區(qū)別于其它文明的生產(chǎn)方式之不斷革新,使得青銅鼎的誕生與發(fā)展成為可能；另一方面,生活方式的變化對青銅鼎的功能屬性產(chǎn)生了巨大影響,功能的變化直接促使了設(shè)計(jì)形式的變革。所以,青銅鼎的設(shè)計(jì)決定于生產(chǎn)方式,來源于生活方式。設(shè)計(jì)行為介于生產(chǎn)與生活方式之間,是對二者關(guān)系平衡的協(xié)調(diào),共同促成人類生存方式的進(jìn)步與發(fā)展。 透過對傳統(tǒng)工藝典籍與思想經(jīng)注的探尋,追溯古代設(shè)計(jì)文化的源頭,從文化途徑研究古代設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)程的規(guī)律,既不同于一般的中國傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)史側(cè)重于對設(shè)計(jì)歷史發(fā)展的時(shí)空描述,也不同于工藝美術(shù)史著力于對“器”、“物”本身的關(guān)注,而是將人類對于青銅鼎形器的設(shè)計(jì)活動(dòng)這一復(fù)雜龐大的歷史進(jìn)程作為一個(gè)事物發(fā)展的哲學(xué)系統(tǒng),一方面研究它類似于藝術(shù)的感性與科學(xué)的理性之創(chuàng)造活動(dòng)的緣由,另一方面將設(shè)計(jì)行為的發(fā)展放到先秦時(shí)期的社會(huì)物質(zhì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、制度、精神等人類之生產(chǎn)、生活方式因素中去審視,從文化途徑的視野來關(guān)照古代設(shè)計(jì)演進(jìn)的邏輯和過程,從中探索設(shè)計(jì)的本質(zhì)與哲理,找尋當(dāng)代設(shè)計(jì)對傳統(tǒng)文化適應(yīng)性的繼承方式。
[Abstract]:This paper starts with the bronze tripod, and explores the process of the design and development of the bronze-Ding and its related pre-Qin material, social and spiritual culture connotation in the pre-Qin period as the background. The paper focuses on the contents of four aspects: one, the form of bronze-ding and the logic of its evolution; secondly, the mode of production of bronze in the pre-Qin period, including the development of the copper-smelting technology and the innovation of the casting technology; and the human being related to the function of the bronze-Ding in the pre-Qin period. The way of living, including the dietary pattern, the social and religious culture, and the four, through the study of the design culture of the typical ware of the pre-Qin bronze Ding, explore the cross-correlation of the mode of production, the way of life and the design behavior of the human society. On the basis of the mutual understanding of the Chinese ancient design culture and the deep thinking of the design philosophy, the paper probes into the follow-up of the traditional culture The bronze tripod is a representative of the ancient Chinese bronze culture, and is also a special kind of bronze ware, whether for the function of the food as a food or as a gift, the social function or the religious function of the sacrificial device, the bronze The top is one of the most widely used bronzes with the highest position, so the design of the shape and the pattern The form is also very complex. The merchant is the great ghost, so the bronze tripod is the first place to function as a sacrificial device, and the development of the pattern design is the focus of the evolution of this period, especially the various pumping of the animal pattern. The most obvious change of the image is that the local adjustment on the design of the shape system is also the most serious, thick and serious image of the protruding bronze, which shows the infinite respect of the merchant to the ancestor's spirit, and the bronze in this period is also maintained and consolidated by the emperor of the Shang Dynasty with the help of the relationship between the human and the gods. The tool of the status of the rule. Zhou's respect for Shang and the thought of ethics in the form of bronze Because the people's diet culture has replaced the merchant's drinking culture and the system of etiquette instead of the idea of god, the bronze tripod is the first and the development of the shape-making design is the key of the evolution of this period. Especially the structure of the body, the foot, the ear, etc. The change is the most obvious. Because of the need of the function of the diet, the bronze tripod starts to have different forms and classifications; because of the need of the social function, it is Christmas. The form of the bronze ware in this period is a systematic and systematic way. In the period of the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Period, because of the disintegration of the ritual and music system, the formal design of the bronze tripod no longer tends to be unified, but as the change of the region shows the obvious local characteristics, the form-making design The evolution of the bronze Ding in the form is the pre-Qin human The performance of the continuous development of the way of existence. The change of its form design is determined by the birth. The way of production is derived from the way of life. This is not only the law of the evolution of the design and development of the bronze tripod, but also from the ancient to the present. In the first place, the means of production of the bronze ware determines the choice of the production technology, and the production technology decides the direction of the object design, which is the continuous innovation of the pre-Qin society in the production mode of other civilizations, so that the birth and the birth of the bronze Ding The development becomes possible; on the other hand, the change of life style has great influence on the function property of the bronze tripod, and the function change is straight The connection has led to a change in the form of design. Therefore, the design of the bronze tripod is determined to be born. The way of production is derived from the way of life. The design behavior is between production and living. It is the coordination of the balance between the two. The progress and development of the existence mode of the traditional process. Through the exploration of the traditional process and the thought of the ancient design culture, the origin of the ancient design culture is traced, and the law of the ancient design process is studied from the cultural way, which is different from the traditional Chinese traditional design history Focusing on the space-time description of the development of the design history, it is also different from the process art history to focus on the "The device", the "object" itself, but the complex and large history of the design activities of the human to the bronze tripod As a philosophical system for the development of a thing, the process is to study the reason of the creation of the sense and science of art, on the one hand, and to put the development of the design behavior into the social material, economy, system, spirit and so on in the pre-Qin period. In the light of the production and lifestyle factors of the class, the logic and process of the ancient design evolution are taken care of from the view of the cultural approach, from which the essence and philosophy of the design are explored to find the contemporary
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K876.41
本文編號：2491898
[Abstract]:This paper starts with the bronze tripod, and explores the process of the design and development of the bronze-Ding and its related pre-Qin material, social and spiritual culture connotation in the pre-Qin period as the background. The paper focuses on the contents of four aspects: one, the form of bronze-ding and the logic of its evolution; secondly, the mode of production of bronze in the pre-Qin period, including the development of the copper-smelting technology and the innovation of the casting technology; and the human being related to the function of the bronze-Ding in the pre-Qin period. The way of living, including the dietary pattern, the social and religious culture, and the four, through the study of the design culture of the typical ware of the pre-Qin bronze Ding, explore the cross-correlation of the mode of production, the way of life and the design behavior of the human society. On the basis of the mutual understanding of the Chinese ancient design culture and the deep thinking of the design philosophy, the paper probes into the follow-up of the traditional culture The bronze tripod is a representative of the ancient Chinese bronze culture, and is also a special kind of bronze ware, whether for the function of the food as a food or as a gift, the social function or the religious function of the sacrificial device, the bronze The top is one of the most widely used bronzes with the highest position, so the design of the shape and the pattern The form is also very complex. The merchant is the great ghost, so the bronze tripod is the first place to function as a sacrificial device, and the development of the pattern design is the focus of the evolution of this period, especially the various pumping of the animal pattern. The most obvious change of the image is that the local adjustment on the design of the shape system is also the most serious, thick and serious image of the protruding bronze, which shows the infinite respect of the merchant to the ancestor's spirit, and the bronze in this period is also maintained and consolidated by the emperor of the Shang Dynasty with the help of the relationship between the human and the gods. The tool of the status of the rule. Zhou's respect for Shang and the thought of ethics in the form of bronze Because the people's diet culture has replaced the merchant's drinking culture and the system of etiquette instead of the idea of god, the bronze tripod is the first and the development of the shape-making design is the key of the evolution of this period. Especially the structure of the body, the foot, the ear, etc. The change is the most obvious. Because of the need of the function of the diet, the bronze tripod starts to have different forms and classifications; because of the need of the social function, it is Christmas. The form of the bronze ware in this period is a systematic and systematic way. In the period of the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Period, because of the disintegration of the ritual and music system, the formal design of the bronze tripod no longer tends to be unified, but as the change of the region shows the obvious local characteristics, the form-making design The evolution of the bronze Ding in the form is the pre-Qin human The performance of the continuous development of the way of existence. The change of its form design is determined by the birth. The way of production is derived from the way of life. This is not only the law of the evolution of the design and development of the bronze tripod, but also from the ancient to the present. In the first place, the means of production of the bronze ware determines the choice of the production technology, and the production technology decides the direction of the object design, which is the continuous innovation of the pre-Qin society in the production mode of other civilizations, so that the birth and the birth of the bronze Ding The development becomes possible; on the other hand, the change of life style has great influence on the function property of the bronze tripod, and the function change is straight The connection has led to a change in the form of design. Therefore, the design of the bronze tripod is determined to be born. The way of production is derived from the way of life. The design behavior is between production and living. It is the coordination of the balance between the two. The progress and development of the existence mode of the traditional process. Through the exploration of the traditional process and the thought of the ancient design culture, the origin of the ancient design culture is traced, and the law of the ancient design process is studied from the cultural way, which is different from the traditional Chinese traditional design history Focusing on the space-time description of the development of the design history, it is also different from the process art history to focus on the "The device", the "object" itself, but the complex and large history of the design activities of the human to the bronze tripod As a philosophical system for the development of a thing, the process is to study the reason of the creation of the sense and science of art, on the one hand, and to put the development of the design behavior into the social material, economy, system, spirit and so on in the pre-Qin period. In the light of the production and lifestyle factors of the class, the logic and process of the ancient design evolution are taken care of from the view of the cultural approach, from which the essence and philosophy of the design are explored to find the contemporary
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K876.41
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