中國東部瀕海平原新石器遺址時空分布格局—海平面控制下的地貌演化與人地關(guān)系
發(fā)布時間：2019-05-13 20:02
【摘要】：近年來,全球增溫背景下的海平面上升越來越受到人們關(guān)注。海平面上升不僅帶來了海洋災(zāi)害,同時加大沿海地區(qū)的生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱性。為了正確評估全球溫度升高對我國海岸線變化以及對我國自然生態(tài)的影響,開展關(guān)于全新世海平面變化、地貌演化與人類活動之間的關(guān)系研究,對于制定未來氣候變化情景下的人類適應(yīng)性對策具有借鑒意義。中國東部瀕海平原,包括蘇北平原、長江三角洲平原、杭嘉湖平原和寧紹平原,不僅是對海陸變遷最為敏感的區(qū)域,也是我國史前文化遺址分布的密集區(qū)之一,為研究過去“人-地關(guān)系”提供了重要素材。本論文在研究區(qū)開展了大量的科學(xué)鉆探工作,通過對系列巖芯進(jìn)行精細(xì)化的沉積學(xué)分析,建立區(qū)域地層層序,結(jié)合AMS14C測年建立年代框架,獲得全新世海平面變化過程和地貌演化的基本認(rèn)識。本文統(tǒng)計了史前遺址兩千余處,其中確定年代新石器遺址共計655處,利用地理信息技術(shù)(GIS)分析方法,對遺址點的時空分布格局進(jìn)行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)遺址數(shù)量的變化和時空分布在很大程度上受控于(反映出)區(qū)域地貌的演化(尤其是海洋線的變化),而區(qū)域地貌的演化又受控于全新世海平面變化。早全新世時期,遺址只零星分布于浙東山間盆地,遠(yuǎn)離海洋。在9.0-7.0ka期間,中國東部瀕海平原區(qū)(包括陸架區(qū))廣泛海侵,處于開放的淺海、海灣和河口環(huán)境。杭嘉湖的西側(cè)和寧紹盆地的南側(cè)為瀕臨海洋的低山及島嶼,為新石器人類提供了有限的生存空間,文化類型中含有重要的“海洋成分”。7.0ka前后是海平面變化的重要轉(zhuǎn)折期,長江南北兩岸海水褪去,海平面上升速率大幅度降低,大量的沉積物充填河口,淤積形成三角洲平原和河流下游沖積平原。由于成陸作用的顯著,海岸線東撤,造就了大片的陸地,為新石器人類的生產(chǎn)和生活提供了廣闊的空間,新石器文化得以蓬勃發(fā)展。5.0ka前后,由于本區(qū)陸地的生長,人類有了更多的生存空間。此時長江南北兩岸的以良渚文化、龍山文化為代表的新石器文化進(jìn)入繁榮階段。本區(qū)遺址的數(shù)量大大增加,范圍更加廣泛,許多古城建立,文化空前繁榮�？傮w來看,海平面變化控制下的地貌演化與人類活動之間形成了海進(jìn)人退-海退人進(jìn)的動態(tài)關(guān)系。然而中國東部瀕海平原區(qū)地勢平坦,海拔較低,河網(wǎng)密布,又處于黃淮、江淮和錢塘江等大河的下游洪泛區(qū),受到海陸變遷、地貌演化影響甚大,同時容易受到極端氣候環(huán)境的襲擾,使得本區(qū)的新石器文化頻繁發(fā)生間斷。
[Abstract]:In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the rise of sea level under the background of global warming. Sea level rise not only brings marine disasters, but also increases the ecological environment vulnerability of coastal areas. In order to correctly assess the impact of global temperature rise on the coastline change of our country and on the natural ecology of our country, and to carry out a study on the relationship between Holocene sea level change, geomorphological evolution and human activities, It can be used for reference to formulate human adaptive countermeasures under the scenario of climate change in the future. The coastal plains in eastern China, including the northern Jiangsu plain, the Yangtze River Delta plain, the Hangjiahu plain and the Ningshao plain, are not only the most sensitive areas to land and sea changes, but also one of the dense areas of prehistoric cultural sites in China. It provides important material for the study of man-land relationship in the past. In this paper, a lot of scientific drilling work has been carried out in the study area. Through the fine sedimentological analysis of the series of cores, the regional stratigraphy sequence is established, and the chronological framework is established in combination with AMS14C dating. The basic understanding of Holocene sea level change process and geomorphological evolution is obtained. In this paper, more than two thousand prehistoric sites are counted, of which 655 are Neolithic sites. The temporal and spatial distribution pattern of site points is analyzed by using (GIS) analysis method of geographic information technology. It is found that the change of site number and temporal and spatial distribution are controlled to a great extent by the evolution of regional geomorphology (especially the change of ocean line), and the evolution of regional geomorphology is controlled by Holocene sea level change. In the early Holocene, the site was scattered in the intermountain basin of eastern Zhejiang, far from the ocean. During the 9.0-7.0ka period, the coastal plain area (including shelf area) in eastern China was transgression widely, in the open shallow sea, bay and estuary environment. The west side of Hangjia Lake and the south side of Ningshao Basin are low mountains and islands bordering the ocean, which provide limited living space for Neolithic human beings. The cultural types contain important "marine components". Around 7.0ka is an important turning point of sea level change. The sea water on the north and south sides of the Yangtze River has faded, the rate of sea level rise has been greatly reduced, and a large number of sediments have filled the estuary. Siltation forms delta plain and downstream alluvial plain. Because of the remarkable effect of land formation, the coastline retreated eastward, which created a large area of land, provided a broad space for the production and life of Neolithic human beings, and the Neolithic culture flourished. Around 5.0 ka, due to the growth of land in this area, Human beings have more living space. At this time, the Neolithic culture represented by Liangzhu culture and Longshan culture on the north and south sides of the Yangtze River entered the stage of prosperity. The number of sites in this area has greatly increased, the scope is more extensive, many ancient cities have been established, and the culture has never been prosperous. Generally speaking, there is a dynamic relationship between the geomorphological evolution under the control of sea level change and human activities. However, the coastal plain area of eastern China is flat, low altitude, dense river network, and is located in the downstream flood area of Huang-Huai, Jianghuai and Qiantang rivers, which is greatly affected by sea-land changes and geomorphological evolution. At the same time, it is easy to be disturbed by extreme climate and environment, which makes the Neolithic culture in this area break off frequently.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K878;P731.23
本文編號：2476150
[Abstract]:In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the rise of sea level under the background of global warming. Sea level rise not only brings marine disasters, but also increases the ecological environment vulnerability of coastal areas. In order to correctly assess the impact of global temperature rise on the coastline change of our country and on the natural ecology of our country, and to carry out a study on the relationship between Holocene sea level change, geomorphological evolution and human activities, It can be used for reference to formulate human adaptive countermeasures under the scenario of climate change in the future. The coastal plains in eastern China, including the northern Jiangsu plain, the Yangtze River Delta plain, the Hangjiahu plain and the Ningshao plain, are not only the most sensitive areas to land and sea changes, but also one of the dense areas of prehistoric cultural sites in China. It provides important material for the study of man-land relationship in the past. In this paper, a lot of scientific drilling work has been carried out in the study area. Through the fine sedimentological analysis of the series of cores, the regional stratigraphy sequence is established, and the chronological framework is established in combination with AMS14C dating. The basic understanding of Holocene sea level change process and geomorphological evolution is obtained. In this paper, more than two thousand prehistoric sites are counted, of which 655 are Neolithic sites. The temporal and spatial distribution pattern of site points is analyzed by using (GIS) analysis method of geographic information technology. It is found that the change of site number and temporal and spatial distribution are controlled to a great extent by the evolution of regional geomorphology (especially the change of ocean line), and the evolution of regional geomorphology is controlled by Holocene sea level change. In the early Holocene, the site was scattered in the intermountain basin of eastern Zhejiang, far from the ocean. During the 9.0-7.0ka period, the coastal plain area (including shelf area) in eastern China was transgression widely, in the open shallow sea, bay and estuary environment. The west side of Hangjia Lake and the south side of Ningshao Basin are low mountains and islands bordering the ocean, which provide limited living space for Neolithic human beings. The cultural types contain important "marine components". Around 7.0ka is an important turning point of sea level change. The sea water on the north and south sides of the Yangtze River has faded, the rate of sea level rise has been greatly reduced, and a large number of sediments have filled the estuary. Siltation forms delta plain and downstream alluvial plain. Because of the remarkable effect of land formation, the coastline retreated eastward, which created a large area of land, provided a broad space for the production and life of Neolithic human beings, and the Neolithic culture flourished. Around 5.0 ka, due to the growth of land in this area, Human beings have more living space. At this time, the Neolithic culture represented by Liangzhu culture and Longshan culture on the north and south sides of the Yangtze River entered the stage of prosperity. The number of sites in this area has greatly increased, the scope is more extensive, many ancient cities have been established, and the culture has never been prosperous. Generally speaking, there is a dynamic relationship between the geomorphological evolution under the control of sea level change and human activities. However, the coastal plain area of eastern China is flat, low altitude, dense river network, and is located in the downstream flood area of Huang-Huai, Jianghuai and Qiantang rivers, which is greatly affected by sea-land changes and geomorphological evolution. At the same time, it is easy to be disturbed by extreme climate and environment, which makes the Neolithic culture in this area break off frequently.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K878;P731.23
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