脂類物質(zhì)分析技術(shù)運(yùn)用于考古學(xué)的方法探索
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-02-25 17:52
【摘要】： 復(fù)原古代生態(tài)面貌是考古學(xué)研究中的一個(gè)重要課題,這與古環(huán)境直接相關(guān),由此進(jìn)而探討很多重要的考古學(xué)和人類學(xué)問題。一般的環(huán)境考古研究主要通過比較植物遺存的形態(tài)以鑒定其種屬,進(jìn)而恢復(fù)古植被。但若未發(fā)現(xiàn)可供形態(tài)比較的植物遺存,?就必須運(yùn)用分子生物學(xué)和有機(jī)地球化學(xué)的研究方法,通過檢測分子標(biāo)志物,深入挖掘有關(guān)古代動(dòng)植物的潛信息。因此,篩選合適的分子標(biāo)志物并建立相應(yīng)的有效的分析方法具有重大的學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值。隨著科技考古的蓬勃發(fā)展,大分子量的分子標(biāo)志物(如DNA)的研究體系已基本建立,而對小分子量的分子標(biāo)志物的研究在國內(nèi)外都尚在起步階段,它對未出土可供形態(tài)比較的生物遺存的考古研究尤為重要。 鑒于此,本文先對脂類物質(zhì)分析的實(shí)驗(yàn)影響因素做了初步探討,并對新石器早期的浙江小黃山遺址出土的陶片里的殘留物做了脂肪酸分析。再以GC-MS的檢測結(jié)果為依據(jù),對有機(jī)地球化學(xué)中的幾種常用的脂類物質(zhì)分析實(shí)驗(yàn)方法,從提取方法、溶劑的選擇和洗脫三步做了一系列比較和細(xì)節(jié)上的改進(jìn),初步得出適用于考古學(xué)研究中痕量分析的脂類物質(zhì)的分析方法,并將其應(yīng)用于小黃山和安徽禹會(huì)遺址剖面的各地層土壤沉積物中的正構(gòu)烷烴分析中,其結(jié)果揭示了一定程度的古環(huán)境意義。 通過本文的分析和初步試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,對于未發(fā)現(xiàn)可供形態(tài)比較的植物遺存的考古遺址,烷烴分析技術(shù)是環(huán)境考古研究的有效辦法之一,因之具有廣闊的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用前景。同時(shí)也就考古學(xué)研究的現(xiàn)實(shí)提出了一些問題,說明該研究思路和實(shí)驗(yàn)方法要與其他的研究手段所得結(jié)果相互印證才能較好地反映古環(huán)境。
[Abstract]:The restoration of ancient ecological features is an important subject in archaeology, which is directly related to the paleoenvironment, and then many important archaeological and anthropological problems are discussed. General environmental archaeology studies mainly by comparing the morphology of plant remains in order to identify the species and genera, and then restore the palaeovegetation. But if no plant remains to be found for morphological comparison,? Molecular biology and organic geochemistry must be used to detect molecular markers and explore the potential information about ancient animals and plants. Therefore, it is of great academic value to screen appropriate molecular markers and establish corresponding effective analytical methods. With the rapid development of science and technology archaeology, the research system of large molecular weight molecular markers (such as DNA) has been basically established, while the research of small molecular weight molecular markers is still in its infancy at home and abroad. It is of great importance to the archaeological study of ununearthed bioheritages which can be compared with each other in form. In view of this, the experimental influencing factors of lipid analysis were discussed, and the residue of pottery unearthed at the early Neolithic site in Xiaohuangshan, Zhejiang province was analyzed by fatty acid analysis. Based on the results of GC-MS detection, a series of comparison and detailed improvements were made to several commonly used experimental methods for the analysis of lipid substances in organic geochemistry from three steps: extraction method, solvent selection and elution. A preliminary analytical method for trace lipid substances used in archaeological research has been developed and applied to the analysis of n-alkanes in soil sediments from the sections of Xiaohuangshan and Yuhui sites in Anhui Province. The results reveal the significance of paleoenvironment to a certain extent. The analysis and preliminary test results show that alkane analysis technology is one of the effective methods of environmental archaeology research for archaeological sites which can not be found for morphological comparison of plant remains, so it has broad development and application prospects. At the same time, it puts forward some questions about the reality of archaeology research, which shows that the research idea and experimental method can reflect the paleoenvironment better only by mutual corroborating the results obtained by other research methods.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：K872
本文編號(hào)：2430391
[Abstract]:The restoration of ancient ecological features is an important subject in archaeology, which is directly related to the paleoenvironment, and then many important archaeological and anthropological problems are discussed. General environmental archaeology studies mainly by comparing the morphology of plant remains in order to identify the species and genera, and then restore the palaeovegetation. But if no plant remains to be found for morphological comparison,? Molecular biology and organic geochemistry must be used to detect molecular markers and explore the potential information about ancient animals and plants. Therefore, it is of great academic value to screen appropriate molecular markers and establish corresponding effective analytical methods. With the rapid development of science and technology archaeology, the research system of large molecular weight molecular markers (such as DNA) has been basically established, while the research of small molecular weight molecular markers is still in its infancy at home and abroad. It is of great importance to the archaeological study of ununearthed bioheritages which can be compared with each other in form. In view of this, the experimental influencing factors of lipid analysis were discussed, and the residue of pottery unearthed at the early Neolithic site in Xiaohuangshan, Zhejiang province was analyzed by fatty acid analysis. Based on the results of GC-MS detection, a series of comparison and detailed improvements were made to several commonly used experimental methods for the analysis of lipid substances in organic geochemistry from three steps: extraction method, solvent selection and elution. A preliminary analytical method for trace lipid substances used in archaeological research has been developed and applied to the analysis of n-alkanes in soil sediments from the sections of Xiaohuangshan and Yuhui sites in Anhui Province. The results reveal the significance of paleoenvironment to a certain extent. The analysis and preliminary test results show that alkane analysis technology is one of the effective methods of environmental archaeology research for archaeological sites which can not be found for morphological comparison of plant remains, so it has broad development and application prospects. At the same time, it puts forward some questions about the reality of archaeology research, which shows that the research idea and experimental method can reflect the paleoenvironment better only by mutual corroborating the results obtained by other research methods.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：K872
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