脂類物質分析技術運用于考古學的方法探索
發(fā)布時間:2019-02-25 17:52
【摘要】: 復原古代生態(tài)面貌是考古學研究中的一個重要課題,這與古環(huán)境直接相關,由此進而探討很多重要的考古學和人類學問題。一般的環(huán)境考古研究主要通過比較植物遺存的形態(tài)以鑒定其種屬,進而恢復古植被。但若未發(fā)現可供形態(tài)比較的植物遺存,?就必須運用分子生物學和有機地球化學的研究方法,通過檢測分子標志物,深入挖掘有關古代動植物的潛信息。因此,篩選合適的分子標志物并建立相應的有效的分析方法具有重大的學術價值。隨著科技考古的蓬勃發(fā)展,大分子量的分子標志物(如DNA)的研究體系已基本建立,而對小分子量的分子標志物的研究在國內外都尚在起步階段,它對未出土可供形態(tài)比較的生物遺存的考古研究尤為重要。 鑒于此,本文先對脂類物質分析的實驗影響因素做了初步探討,并對新石器早期的浙江小黃山遺址出土的陶片里的殘留物做了脂肪酸分析。再以GC-MS的檢測結果為依據,對有機地球化學中的幾種常用的脂類物質分析實驗方法,從提取方法、溶劑的選擇和洗脫三步做了一系列比較和細節(jié)上的改進,初步得出適用于考古學研究中痕量分析的脂類物質的分析方法,并將其應用于小黃山和安徽禹會遺址剖面的各地層土壤沉積物中的正構烷烴分析中,其結果揭示了一定程度的古環(huán)境意義。 通過本文的分析和初步試驗結果表明,對于未發(fā)現可供形態(tài)比較的植物遺存的考古遺址,烷烴分析技術是環(huán)境考古研究的有效辦法之一,因之具有廣闊的發(fā)展和應用前景。同時也就考古學研究的現實提出了一些問題,說明該研究思路和實驗方法要與其他的研究手段所得結果相互印證才能較好地反映古環(huán)境。
[Abstract]:The restoration of ancient ecological features is an important subject in archaeology, which is directly related to the paleoenvironment, and then many important archaeological and anthropological problems are discussed. General environmental archaeology studies mainly by comparing the morphology of plant remains in order to identify the species and genera, and then restore the palaeovegetation. But if no plant remains to be found for morphological comparison,? Molecular biology and organic geochemistry must be used to detect molecular markers and explore the potential information about ancient animals and plants. Therefore, it is of great academic value to screen appropriate molecular markers and establish corresponding effective analytical methods. With the rapid development of science and technology archaeology, the research system of large molecular weight molecular markers (such as DNA) has been basically established, while the research of small molecular weight molecular markers is still in its infancy at home and abroad. It is of great importance to the archaeological study of ununearthed bioheritages which can be compared with each other in form. In view of this, the experimental influencing factors of lipid analysis were discussed, and the residue of pottery unearthed at the early Neolithic site in Xiaohuangshan, Zhejiang province was analyzed by fatty acid analysis. Based on the results of GC-MS detection, a series of comparison and detailed improvements were made to several commonly used experimental methods for the analysis of lipid substances in organic geochemistry from three steps: extraction method, solvent selection and elution. A preliminary analytical method for trace lipid substances used in archaeological research has been developed and applied to the analysis of n-alkanes in soil sediments from the sections of Xiaohuangshan and Yuhui sites in Anhui Province. The results reveal the significance of paleoenvironment to a certain extent. The analysis and preliminary test results show that alkane analysis technology is one of the effective methods of environmental archaeology research for archaeological sites which can not be found for morphological comparison of plant remains, so it has broad development and application prospects. At the same time, it puts forward some questions about the reality of archaeology research, which shows that the research idea and experimental method can reflect the paleoenvironment better only by mutual corroborating the results obtained by other research methods.
【學位授予單位】:中國科學技術大學
【學位級別】:碩士
【學位授予年份】:2010
【分類號】:K872
本文編號:2430391
[Abstract]:The restoration of ancient ecological features is an important subject in archaeology, which is directly related to the paleoenvironment, and then many important archaeological and anthropological problems are discussed. General environmental archaeology studies mainly by comparing the morphology of plant remains in order to identify the species and genera, and then restore the palaeovegetation. But if no plant remains to be found for morphological comparison,? Molecular biology and organic geochemistry must be used to detect molecular markers and explore the potential information about ancient animals and plants. Therefore, it is of great academic value to screen appropriate molecular markers and establish corresponding effective analytical methods. With the rapid development of science and technology archaeology, the research system of large molecular weight molecular markers (such as DNA) has been basically established, while the research of small molecular weight molecular markers is still in its infancy at home and abroad. It is of great importance to the archaeological study of ununearthed bioheritages which can be compared with each other in form. In view of this, the experimental influencing factors of lipid analysis were discussed, and the residue of pottery unearthed at the early Neolithic site in Xiaohuangshan, Zhejiang province was analyzed by fatty acid analysis. Based on the results of GC-MS detection, a series of comparison and detailed improvements were made to several commonly used experimental methods for the analysis of lipid substances in organic geochemistry from three steps: extraction method, solvent selection and elution. A preliminary analytical method for trace lipid substances used in archaeological research has been developed and applied to the analysis of n-alkanes in soil sediments from the sections of Xiaohuangshan and Yuhui sites in Anhui Province. The results reveal the significance of paleoenvironment to a certain extent. The analysis and preliminary test results show that alkane analysis technology is one of the effective methods of environmental archaeology research for archaeological sites which can not be found for morphological comparison of plant remains, so it has broad development and application prospects. At the same time, it puts forward some questions about the reality of archaeology research, which shows that the research idea and experimental method can reflect the paleoenvironment better only by mutual corroborating the results obtained by other research methods.
【學位授予單位】:中國科學技術大學
【學位級別】:碩士
【學位授予年份】:2010
【分類號】:K872
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