【摘要】：石器作為人類物質(zhì)文化的記錄者,在史前人類的生產(chǎn)生活中占據(jù)著重要地位,對(duì)石器功能和使用方式的探討是考古學(xué)關(guān)注的問(wèn)題之一。目前國(guó)內(nèi)石器研究的主要手段是從器物形態(tài)出發(fā),進(jìn)行類型學(xué)的研究,針對(duì)石器具體功能及使用方式的實(shí)證研究較為缺乏,對(duì)磨制石器的研究尤為不足。有鑒于此,本研究以中原地區(qū)舞陽(yáng)賈湖遺址出土的磨制石器為研究對(duì)象,利用微痕分析和實(shí)驗(yàn)考古的方法,對(duì)石器的功能、使用方式及加工對(duì)象進(jìn)行分析和判斷。結(jié)果表明:石鐮的主要功能是收割禾本科植物;石刀主要用于加工禾本科植物、木材和獸骨等;石斧的功能主要是加工木材,另外還可能承擔(dān)加工獸皮和獸骨的工作;石錛的主要功能與木作有關(guān);石鑿在形態(tài)上有所區(qū)別,但其加工對(duì)象主要是木材;石鏟的功能以掘土為主。微痕分析的結(jié)果使我們對(duì)賈湖聚落磨制石器的功能有了客觀的認(rèn)識(shí),可以看出石器的功能并不單一,廣泛存在著"一器多用"的現(xiàn)象。本研究從石器使用的角度,揭示了史前人類的生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)和行為特點(diǎn),同時(shí)也為研究先民的生業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況提供了重要材料。
[Abstract]:Stone tools, as a recorder of human material culture, occupy an important position in the production and life of prehistoric human beings. The discussion on the function and use of stone tools is one of the problems that archaeology pays close attention to. At present, the main means of stone research in China is to carry out typology research from the shape of objects. The empirical study on specific function and usage of stone tools is lacking, especially in the study of grinding stone tools. In view of this, this study takes the grinding stone tools unearthed from Jia-hu site of Wuyang in the Central Plains as the research object, and analyzes and judges the function, use mode and processing objects of the stone tools by using micro-mark analysis and experimental archaeological methods. The results show that the main function of stone sickle is to harvest Gramineae plants, the stone knife is mainly used to process gramineous plants, wood and animal bones, the function of stone axe is mainly to process wood, in addition, it may also undertake the work of processing animal skins and bones. The main function of stone adze is related to woodwork, the shape of stone chisel is different, but its processing object is mainly wood, and the function of stone shovel is to dig earth. The result of micro-mark analysis makes us have an objective understanding of the function of the stone tools in Jia-hu settlement. It can be seen that the function of stone tools is not single, and there is a phenomenon of "one tool with multiple uses". From the perspective of stone tools, this study reveals the characteristics of prehistoric human production and behavior, and provides important materials for the study of the living and economic status of the ancestors.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)科技史與科技考古系;
【基金】：國(guó)家重點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2015CB953800) 國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金面上項(xiàng)目(41472148) 中國(guó)博士后科學(xué)基金特別資助項(xiàng)目(2017T100456)共同資助
【分類號(hào)】：K876.2

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本文編號(hào)：2343248