【摘要】： 我國是世界文明古國,文字是人類文明的象征,發(fā)現(xiàn)于新石器時(shí)代的陶器刻劃符號(hào)是文字的雛形,它的發(fā)現(xiàn)將我國的文明史推向史前時(shí)期,使人類社會(huì)告別野蠻,步入文明。陶器刻劃符號(hào)與文字有著密切關(guān)系,是由原始記事方法向文字的過渡形態(tài),是文字的前身,與文字有著淵源關(guān)系并一脈相承。甲骨文曾被認(rèn)為是中國最古老的文字,顯然甲骨文已經(jīng)是一種成熟的文字了,具有相當(dāng)完善的文字體系,因此,在甲骨文之前的文字形成期必定經(jīng)歷了漫長時(shí)期。而本文討論的史前陶器刻劃符號(hào)便是這段文字形成時(shí)期的重要發(fā)現(xiàn),是早于甲骨文的文字雛形,處在文字的萌芽和形成階段,具有重要的研究價(jià)值,關(guān)系到文字起源與發(fā)展、人類文明起源等重要問題,是重要的文獻(xiàn)資料。 論文主體部分通過對(duì)陶器刻劃符號(hào)和文字關(guān)系的討論,得出陶器刻劃符號(hào)的性質(zhì)是原始記事方法向文字的過渡,還不屬于真正的文字,但作為文字的雛形和萌芽,在遙遠(yuǎn)的原始社會(huì)已經(jīng)充當(dāng)文字使用,用來記錄和傳遞信息,這些陶器刻劃符號(hào)除了記事,往往用于祭時(shí)、祭侯等重要活動(dòng)和儀式,以祈求農(nóng)業(yè)豐收。 刻劃符號(hào)的使用使人類語言進(jìn)入書寫體系,也使人類有聲語言向書面語言過渡,是人類跨入文明時(shí)代的重要標(biāo)志。本文正是從陶器刻劃符號(hào)的“文字”屬性作為切入點(diǎn),探討作為文字前身的陶器刻劃符號(hào)所具有的記錄、傳遞信息和表達(dá)思想的文獻(xiàn)屬性及其文獻(xiàn)價(jià)值。陶器刻劃符號(hào)大部分出土于墓葬中,屬于出土文獻(xiàn),它以陶器為載體,使文獻(xiàn)資料保持了原有面貌,對(duì)后人了解史前時(shí)期人類的生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)、思維意識(shí)、文明起源等問題提供寶貴的文獻(xiàn)資料,是對(duì)傳世文獻(xiàn)的補(bǔ)充,具有重要的文獻(xiàn)學(xué)價(jià)值。同時(shí),由于刻劃符號(hào)多是對(duì)周圍實(shí)物的摩畫,與繪畫同源,在刻劃時(shí)運(yùn)用繪畫的具象、抽象手法,使刻劃符號(hào)表現(xiàn)出一定的形式美,體現(xiàn)出原始人類的高度審美和智慧。因此,陶器刻劃符號(hào)孕育著藝術(shù)的萌芽和發(fā)展,屬于藝術(shù)文獻(xiàn)研究的范疇,具有藝術(shù)文獻(xiàn)研究價(jià)值。本文從文獻(xiàn)學(xué)的角度探討陶器刻劃符號(hào)的文獻(xiàn)形態(tài)、屬性、價(jià)值等內(nèi)容,落腳點(diǎn)在陶器刻劃符號(hào)的文獻(xiàn)價(jià)值。陶器刻劃符號(hào)的研究涉及到我國古代文明、文字起源等問題,因此對(duì)它進(jìn)行研究具有重要意義�？脊虐l(fā)現(xiàn)的新石器時(shí)代陶器刻劃符號(hào)以大汶口文化的陶器刻劃符號(hào)最為典型,因此,本文多處以大汶口文化陶尊符號(hào)尤其是莒縣陵陽河與大朱村、諸城前寨的陶器刻劃符號(hào)為例進(jìn)行論證。
[Abstract]:Our country is the ancient civilization country of the world, the character is the symbol of human civilization, the pottery inscription symbol found in the Neolithic Age is the embryonic form of the character, its discovery pushes the civilization history of our country to the prehistoric period, causes the human society to bid farewell to barbarism and enters the civilization. Pottery engraved symbols have a close relationship with characters, which is the transition form from the original method of chronicle to the text. It is the predecessor of the characters and has a relationship of origin with the characters. Oracle bone inscription was once regarded as the oldest character in China. It is obvious that oracle bone inscription is a mature character and has a perfect writing system. Therefore, the writing formation period before oracle bone inscription must have experienced a long period. The symbol of prehistoric pottery inscription discussed in this paper is an important discovery in the period of writing formation, which is earlier than the embryonic form of oracle bone inscriptions, and is in the embryonic and formative stage of writing, which has important research value and is related to the origin and development of characters. The origin of human civilization and other important issues, is an important document. In the main part of the paper, through the discussion of the relationship between pottery engraving symbols and characters, it is concluded that the nature of pottery engraving symbols is the transition from the original recording method to the text, and it does not belong to the real characters, but as the embryonic form and germination of the characters. In distant primitive societies, they have been used as words to record and convey information. In addition to memorizing, these pottery inscriptions are often used for important activities and rituals such as sacrifice, and so on, in order to pray for a bumper harvest. The use of characterizing symbols makes human language enter the writing system, and also makes the human voice language transition to written language, which is an important symbol of human entering the civilization era. This paper discusses the record, the document attribute of transmitting information and expressing ideas and the value of the literature from the "character" attribute of the pottery mark as the character of the pottery mark as the forerunner of the character. Most of the earthenware symbols unearthed in tombs belong to the unearthed literature, which takes pottery as the carrier, keeping the original appearance of the literature, and understanding the production activities and thinking consciousness of human beings in the prehistoric period. The origin of civilization and other issues provide valuable literature, which is a supplement to the literature, and has an important value in philology. At the same time, because most of the engraving symbols are the mockery of the surrounding objects, they are of the same origin with the paintings. The use of the figurative and abstract techniques of painting in the engraving makes the engraving symbols show a certain formal beauty, reflecting the high aesthetic and wisdom of the primitive human beings. Therefore, pottery engraving symbol is the germination and development of art, which belongs to the category of art literature research and has the value of art literature research. From the perspective of philology, this paper discusses the literature form, attribute, value and so on of the pottery engraving symbols, and finally focuses on the literature value of the pottery engraving symbols. The study of pottery inscription is related to the ancient civilization and the origin of Chinese characters, so it is of great significance to study it. In the Neolithic Age of archaeological discovery, the pottery symbols of the Dawenkou culture are the most typical. Therefore, this article is mainly imposed on the pottery symbols of the Dawenkou culture, especially the Lingyang River and the Dazhun village in Ju County. Zhucheng Qianzhai pottery carved symbols as an example to demonstrate.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：K877

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