試論先秦時(shí)期黃河流域的石構(gòu)墓葬
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-05 15:46
【摘要】：先秦時(shí)期黃河流域的石構(gòu)墓葬主要分布于青海東部、甘肅中西部、陜西北部、中部和南部、山西中北部、河南中西部及北部和西南部、河北北部、西部和南部、山東中南部、東部及江蘇北部等地區(qū),其延續(xù)時(shí)間從新石器時(shí)代中期至青銅時(shí)代晚期(戰(zhàn)國(guó)晚期)。石構(gòu)墓葬作為一種非主流的文化遺存存在于黃河上游地區(qū)、中游地區(qū)和下游地區(qū),它對(duì)于我們了解黃河流域石構(gòu)墓葬的文化屬性、所屬族群、淵源關(guān)系及與周邊相鄰地區(qū)石構(gòu)墓葬之間的文化關(guān)系具有重要意義。本文通過系統(tǒng)梳理先秦時(shí)期黃河流域石構(gòu)墓葬的資料,詳細(xì)論述了不同地區(qū)不同階段石構(gòu)墓葬的文化特征,并通過黃河流域石構(gòu)墓葬之間及其與相關(guān)遺存的比較分析,探討了黃河流域石構(gòu)墓葬的文化屬性及其與周邊相鄰地區(qū)石構(gòu)墓葬之間的關(guān)系,并提出了如下認(rèn)識(shí)： 1.黃河流域各個(gè)地區(qū)不同階段的石構(gòu)墓葬差異性大于其共性。 從年代關(guān)系來看,從新石器時(shí)代至東周時(shí)期,黃河流域不同階段的石構(gòu)墓葬之間存在明顯的時(shí)間缺環(huán),發(fā)展和演變的連續(xù)性不強(qiáng)。從石構(gòu)墓葬數(shù)量來看,黃河流域石構(gòu)墓葬的遺址數(shù)量和墓葬數(shù)量都很少,而且遺址點(diǎn)數(shù)量和石構(gòu)墓葬數(shù)量之間并不完全成正比例關(guān)系。從墓葬特征來看,黃河流域不同地區(qū)相同階段或不同階段的石構(gòu)墓葬特征差異性大于其共性。 2.黃河流域石構(gòu)墓葬不完全具有族屬的標(biāo)識(shí)作用,它可能作為某些具有特殊身份或地位的人群或個(gè)人的標(biāo)識(shí)。 黃河流域石構(gòu)墓葬與同遺址或墓地的其它類型墓葬在文化屬性上表現(xiàn)出一致性,但在墓葬結(jié)構(gòu)、墓向、葬式、隨葬品數(shù)量等方面則表現(xiàn)出一定的差異,這種差異突出了石構(gòu)墓葬作為一種特殊墓葬形式存在的必然性,它可能反映了墓主人生前的某種特殊身份和地位。 3.黃河流域不同地區(qū)石構(gòu)墓葬產(chǎn)生的原因不完全相同,其來源和去向也各有不同。 黃河上游和中游地區(qū)的石構(gòu)墓葬可能是受到人們某種觀念或意識(shí)變化的影響,在特定的自然地理環(huán)境條件下產(chǎn)生。黃河上游地區(qū)石構(gòu)墓葬與黃河中游地區(qū)石構(gòu)墓葬之間是否存在某種聯(lián)系不得而知,而其去向可能影響到西南地區(qū)的石構(gòu)墓葬。黃河下游地區(qū)石構(gòu)墓葬產(chǎn)生的原因,在于本區(qū)域的族群在埋葬方式方面可能受到了東北地區(qū)使用石構(gòu)墓葬的族群在石構(gòu)墓葬構(gòu)筑技術(shù)和方法上的影響,但也不排除其獨(dú)立產(chǎn)生的可能。
[Abstract]:The stone tombs in the Yellow River Basin in the Pre-Qin period are mainly distributed in eastern Qinghai, west-central Gansu, northern Shaanxi, central and southern Shaanxi, north-central Shanxi, west-central Henan and northern and southwest Henan, northern, western and southern Hebei, central and southern Shandong, and central and southern Shandong. In the east and north of Jiangsu, it lasted from the middle Neolithic age to the late Bronze Age (late warring States). As a non-mainstream cultural relic, stone tombs exist in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, in the middle reaches and in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. It is an ethnic group for us to understand the cultural attributes of stone tombs in the Yellow River Basin. The relationship of origin and culture between stone tombs and adjacent areas is of great significance. By systematically combing the data of stone tombs in the Yellow River basin in the pre-Qin period, this paper discusses in detail the cultural characteristics of stone tombs in different regions and stages, and through the comparison and analysis between stone tombs and related remains in the Yellow River basin. This paper discusses the cultural attributes of stone tombs in the Yellow River Basin and the relationship between them and the surrounding stone tombs, and puts forward the following views: 1. The difference of stone tombs in different stages of the Yellow River Basin is greater than its commonness. From the age relationship, from the Neolithic Age to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, there is an obvious time gap between the stone gravesites in different stages of the Yellow River Basin, and the continuity of development and evolution is not strong. From the point of view of the number of stone tombs there are few sites and tombs in the Yellow River basin and the relationship between the number of site sites and the number of stone tombs is not completely proportional. From the point of view of the burial characteristics, the difference of the characteristics of stone tombs in different areas of the Yellow River Basin is greater than that in the same stages or different stages of the Yellow River Basin. 2. The stone tombs in the Yellow River basin do not have the function of identifying the clan completely, it may be used as the identification of some people or individuals with special identity or status. The stone tombs in the Yellow River basin are consistent with other types of tombs of the same site or graveyard, but there are some differences in the structure, direction, type and quantity of burial objects, etc. This difference highlights the inevitability of the existence of stone tombs as a special form of tombs, which may reflect the special status and status of the owners of the tombs. 3. The causes of stone tombs in different areas of the Yellow River Basin are not identical, and their origin and destination are different. The stone tombs in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River may be influenced by the change of people's idea or consciousness, and they may be produced under the specific natural geographical environment. It is not known whether there is some connection between the stone tombs in the upper reaches of the Yellow River and the stone tombs in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, and the direction of these tombs may affect the stone tombs in southwest China. The reason for the formation of stone tombs in the lower reaches of the Yellow River lies in the fact that the ethnic groups in this region may be affected by the techniques and methods of constructing stone tombs in Northeast China. But also does not rule out its independent production possibility.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K878.8
本文編號(hào)：2312531
[Abstract]:The stone tombs in the Yellow River Basin in the Pre-Qin period are mainly distributed in eastern Qinghai, west-central Gansu, northern Shaanxi, central and southern Shaanxi, north-central Shanxi, west-central Henan and northern and southwest Henan, northern, western and southern Hebei, central and southern Shandong, and central and southern Shandong. In the east and north of Jiangsu, it lasted from the middle Neolithic age to the late Bronze Age (late warring States). As a non-mainstream cultural relic, stone tombs exist in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, in the middle reaches and in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. It is an ethnic group for us to understand the cultural attributes of stone tombs in the Yellow River Basin. The relationship of origin and culture between stone tombs and adjacent areas is of great significance. By systematically combing the data of stone tombs in the Yellow River basin in the pre-Qin period, this paper discusses in detail the cultural characteristics of stone tombs in different regions and stages, and through the comparison and analysis between stone tombs and related remains in the Yellow River basin. This paper discusses the cultural attributes of stone tombs in the Yellow River Basin and the relationship between them and the surrounding stone tombs, and puts forward the following views: 1. The difference of stone tombs in different stages of the Yellow River Basin is greater than its commonness. From the age relationship, from the Neolithic Age to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, there is an obvious time gap between the stone gravesites in different stages of the Yellow River Basin, and the continuity of development and evolution is not strong. From the point of view of the number of stone tombs there are few sites and tombs in the Yellow River basin and the relationship between the number of site sites and the number of stone tombs is not completely proportional. From the point of view of the burial characteristics, the difference of the characteristics of stone tombs in different areas of the Yellow River Basin is greater than that in the same stages or different stages of the Yellow River Basin. 2. The stone tombs in the Yellow River basin do not have the function of identifying the clan completely, it may be used as the identification of some people or individuals with special identity or status. The stone tombs in the Yellow River basin are consistent with other types of tombs of the same site or graveyard, but there are some differences in the structure, direction, type and quantity of burial objects, etc. This difference highlights the inevitability of the existence of stone tombs as a special form of tombs, which may reflect the special status and status of the owners of the tombs. 3. The causes of stone tombs in different areas of the Yellow River Basin are not identical, and their origin and destination are different. The stone tombs in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River may be influenced by the change of people's idea or consciousness, and they may be produced under the specific natural geographical environment. It is not known whether there is some connection between the stone tombs in the upper reaches of the Yellow River and the stone tombs in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, and the direction of these tombs may affect the stone tombs in southwest China. The reason for the formation of stone tombs in the lower reaches of the Yellow River lies in the fact that the ethnic groups in this region may be affected by the techniques and methods of constructing stone tombs in Northeast China. But also does not rule out its independent production possibility.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K878.8
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