【摘要】：膠結(jié)材料是一種廣泛存在于古代壁畫(huà)和彩繪文物中的繪畫(huà)材料,它的主要作用是調(diào)和顏料與水的互溶性,增強(qiáng)顏料與墻壁的內(nèi)聚力,保護(hù)壁畫(huà)外衣不受損害,同時(shí)使得壁畫(huà)色彩鮮明,歷久不變。膠結(jié)材料主要包括動(dòng)物膠,植物膠及油脂類膠。植物膠的主要成分是多糖類碳水化合物,是由植物的莖,桿等的分泌物經(jīng)加工提煉制得；動(dòng)物膠的主要成分是高分子蛋白質(zhì),是由動(dòng)物皮,骨,角,血液等熬制。古代文物中以動(dòng)物膠的應(yīng)用最廣。色譜法在膠結(jié)材料測(cè)定研究中的應(yīng)用較為廣泛,其原理是根據(jù)不同動(dòng)物膠中氨基酸的組成及比例不同,因此可將已知膠作為對(duì)照品,測(cè)出其氨基酸組成和比例,然后用同樣的方法測(cè)出膠結(jié)材料的氨基酸組成及比例,通過(guò)比較得出膠結(jié)材料的來(lái)源。本文通過(guò)總結(jié)前人研究成果,認(rèn)為不同蛋白質(zhì)中氨基酸的序列不同,因此可根據(jù)Edman降解測(cè)出各種已知膠和樣品中膠結(jié)材料的氨基酸序列,將二者進(jìn)行比較得出膠結(jié)材料的來(lái)源。在探索新方法之前,先用兩種經(jīng)典的液相色譜法對(duì)同種膠結(jié)材料的來(lái)源做了探索,再將其與Edman降解所得結(jié)果對(duì)比,以驗(yàn)證Edman降解的準(zhǔn)確性。內(nèi)容分為五章。 緒論。通過(guò)查閱大量文獻(xiàn),論述了膠結(jié)材料的性質(zhì),來(lái)源,測(cè)定方法,總結(jié)了前人工作的優(yōu)點(diǎn),提出了其研究中的不足,闡述了本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容和創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)。 異硫氰酸苯酯柱前衍生法測(cè)定膠結(jié)材料的成分研究。用經(jīng)典的異硫氰酸苯酯柱前衍生法測(cè)定了3種動(dòng)物皮骨膠和雞蛋膠,分別得出了其氨基酸組成和比例,同時(shí)測(cè)定了兩種文物樣品中膠結(jié)材料的氨基酸組成和比例,經(jīng)對(duì)比,確定其為動(dòng)物膠。 鄰苯二甲醛柱前衍生法測(cè)定膠結(jié)材料的成分研究。用經(jīng)典的鄰苯二甲醛柱前衍生法將上述樣品和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品重新測(cè)定,得出同樣的結(jié)論。 Edman降解法在膠結(jié)材料測(cè)定中的初步探索。用Edman降解法測(cè)定了2種動(dòng)物皮膠的氨基酸序列(前7個(gè)),得出了不同皮膠的氨基酸序列差異,但在文物測(cè)定時(shí)沒(méi)有取得預(yù)期的結(jié)果,論述了Edman(?)解不能用于膠結(jié)材料分析的原因。
[Abstract]:The cementing material is a kind of painting material widely existing in ancient murals and painted cultural relics. Its main function is to reconcile the solubility of pigment and water, to enhance the cohesion of pigment and wall, and to protect the mural coat from being damaged. At the same time make the fresco color bright, long-lasting unchanged. Cementing materials mainly include animal gum, plant gum and grease glue. The main component of plant gum is carbohydrate, which is made from the secretion of plant stem, etc. The main component of animal gum is high molecular protein, which is made from animal skin, bone, horn, blood and so on. Among the ancient cultural relics, animal glue is the most widely used. Chromatography is widely used in the determination of cementing materials. The principle is that the amino acid composition and proportion in different animal gum are different, so the known glue can be used as a reference substance to determine the amino acid composition and proportion. Then the amino acid composition and proportion of the cementing material were measured by the same method, and the source of the cementing material was obtained by comparison. In this paper, we conclude that the amino acid sequences in different proteins are different, so we can detect the amino acid sequences of various known glue and cementing materials according to Edman degradation, and compare the two kinds of amino acid sequences to obtain the source of cementing materials. Before exploring the new method, two kinds of classical liquid chromatography were used to explore the origin of the same cementing material, and then compared with the results of Edman degradation to verify the accuracy of Edman degradation. The content is divided into five chapters. Introduction By consulting a large number of literatures, the properties, sources and measuring methods of cementing materials are discussed, the advantages of previous work are summarized, the shortcomings of their research are put forward, and the research contents and innovations of this paper are expounded. Study on the determination of the composition of cementing material by pre-column Derivatization of Phenyl isothiocyanate. Three kinds of animal skin bone glue and egg gum were determined by classical precolumn derivatization method. The composition and proportion of amino acids were obtained, and the amino acid composition and proportion of cementing materials in two kinds of cultural relics were determined. It is determined to be animal glue. Study on the determination of the composition of cementing material by pre-column derivatization of phthalaldehyde. The above samples and standard samples were redetermined by the classical precolumn derivatization method of phthalaldehyde, and the same conclusion was obtained. Preliminary exploration of Edman degradation method in the determination of cementing materials. The amino acid sequences of two kinds of animal skin gum (the first 7) were determined by Edman degradation method. The amino acid sequence differences of different skin gum were obtained, but the expected results were not obtained in the determination of cultural relic, and the Edman (?) The reason why the solution cannot be used in the analysis of cementing materials.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：K879.4;O657.72

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