戰(zhàn)國(guó)至魏晉簡(jiǎn)牘書籍形式與文書分類研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-04 15:34
【摘要】：簡(jiǎn)牘自出土以來,迎來的研究是多不勝數(shù),有關(guān)注簡(jiǎn)牘形制與內(nèi)容的研究,也有關(guān)注簡(jiǎn)牘分類的研究。一般來說,簡(jiǎn)牘可分為書籍與文書兩大類。簡(jiǎn)牘書籍與文書內(nèi)容又可按研究者的不同角度進(jìn)行不同的分類。本文對(duì)部分出土簡(jiǎn)牘資料進(jìn)行了整理。因以完整和較完整的簡(jiǎn)牘為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)每批簡(jiǎn)牘做了以下的工作:一是根據(jù)發(fā)掘簡(jiǎn)報(bào)找出完整簡(jiǎn)牘的資料;二是如果發(fā)掘報(bào)告沒注釋出土簡(jiǎn)牘是否完整,會(huì)利用圖片來確認(rèn)。本文將在前人的分類研究基礎(chǔ)上,把本文分為四個(gè)部分,對(duì)部分出土的簡(jiǎn)牘進(jìn)行分類:第一部分是將簡(jiǎn)牘按出土地域編排,以時(shí)代先后排序分為戰(zhàn)國(guó)楚、秦、漢和魏晉。這些出土地點(diǎn)的資料是參照有關(guān)的發(fā)掘報(bào)告;第二部分是將簡(jiǎn)牘分為書籍和文書兩大類,依據(jù)《漢書·藝文志》的分類將書籍分為六藝、諸子、詩(shī)賦、兵書、數(shù)術(shù)、方技六類。文書是依據(jù)李均明先生在《秦漢簡(jiǎn)牘文書分類輯解》一書中的分類法,將文書分為書檄、律令、簿籍、錄課、符券、檢il、遣策與告地策七類;第三部分是將簡(jiǎn)牘分為戰(zhàn)國(guó)、秦漢、魏晉三個(gè)時(shí)期,按書籍、文書分類,按外形劃分為"簡(jiǎn)"、"牘"、"方"、"揭"四類,以長(zhǎng)寬度為討論點(diǎn)。其中發(fā)現(xiàn)戰(zhàn)國(guó)秦漢時(shí)期"簡(jiǎn)"類的書籍和文書長(zhǎng)短不一,以法律文書為例,秦漢時(shí)期的法律文書在一尺一寸至一尺三寸之間,文獻(xiàn)記載律令所使用的簡(jiǎn)牘長(zhǎng)度為二尺四寸與三尺兩種,有學(xué)者推測(cè)這個(gè)情況可能是因?yàn)楣俜降姆晌臅怯萌吆?jiǎn)抄寫,目前發(fā)現(xiàn)的秦律可能都是私人抄本,可以不遵守定制。秦漢時(shí)期"牘"類的書籍和文書長(zhǎng)度大部分都在一尺左右,但是寬度則寬窄不一,窄的只有1.1厘米,寬的可達(dá)9厘米,可見寬度是沒有明確的規(guī)定存在。至于"方"類的漢魏晉時(shí)期的文書,長(zhǎng)度一致,在一尺至一尺一寸之間,寬度在6.1厘米至7.5厘米之間,看似無明確的規(guī)格。漢時(shí)期的"il"類,長(zhǎng)度不一,在5.7厘米至16.5厘米之間,這是因?yàn)?il"有三種不同的外形而產(chǎn)生的;第四部分將綜合以上三個(gè)部分的分類結(jié)果做出一些觀察。有10個(gè)省份出土了戰(zhàn)國(guó)秦漢書籍,以湖北省居多。數(shù)術(shù)類的數(shù)量最大的,戰(zhàn)國(guó)秦漢墓葬均有出土,可以說數(shù)術(shù)類的書籍對(duì)于當(dāng)時(shí)的人們來說是很重要的。有13個(gè)省份出土了戰(zhàn)國(guó)秦漢魏晉文書,文書的七類,湖北省均有出土,有大概一半的文書載體是竹簡(jiǎn),另一半則是木牘,整體來看,似乎當(dāng)時(shí)的人并沒有偏向于任何一種載體。但是如果跟湖北省出土的簡(jiǎn)牘書籍比較的話,木牘的比例就高多了,所以可以猜測(cè)當(dāng)時(shí)的人在選擇書寫載體的時(shí)候會(huì)有所考慮。這個(gè)觀察是表面的,需要考慮到其它的因素,如當(dāng)時(shí)的自然環(huán)境的情況,法律的限制等,再加上所收集的資料有限,所以需要更多完整的資料才能做出深一層的研究。
[Abstract]:Since the bamboo slips were unearthed, there have been numerous studies on the form and content of the bamboo slips, as well as on the classification of the bamboo slips. Generally speaking, bamboo slips can be divided into two categories: books and documents. Bamboo slips and documents can be classified from different angles. In this paper, some unearthed bamboo slips are sorted out. Because of taking the complete and relatively complete bamboo slips as the research object, the following work has been done for each batch of bamboo slips: first, to find out the complete materials of the bamboo slips according to the excavation bulletin; second, if the excavations report does not annotate whether the bamboo slips unearthed are complete or not, they will use pictures to confirm them. On the basis of the previous classification research, this paper is divided into four parts. The first part is to arrange the bamboo slips unearthed according to the region unearthed, and to divide them into the warring States and Chu, Qin, Han and Wei and Jin dynasties in order of the times. The data of these unearthed sites refer to the relevant excavation reports; the second part is to divide the bamboo slips into two categories: books and documents. According to the classification of "Han calligraphy, Art and Literature", the books are divided into six categories: six arts, schools of thought, poetry and Fu, military books, numerals and techniques. According to Li Junming's classification of Qin and Han Dynasty, the paper is divided into seven categories: the writing, the law, the book, the lesson, the token, the il, policy and the land policy. The third part is to divide the bamboo slips into three periods: warring States, Qin and Han dynasties, Wei and Jin dynasties, classified by books and documents, divided into four categories according to appearance: "simple", "du", "Fang", "uncovering", taking long width as the discussion point. It was found that the books and documents of "Jane" in Qin and Han dynasties varied in length. Taking legal documents as an example, the legal documents of Qin and Han dynasties ranged from one foot one inch to one foot three inches. According to the literature, the length of bamboo slips used in the legal orders is two feet, four inches and three feet. Some scholars speculate that this may be because the official legal documents are copied with three feet of simple notes. At present, the laws of the Qin Dynasty may all be private transcripts. Can not comply with customization. In the Qin and Han dynasties, most of the books and documents were about one foot in length, but the width was different. The width was only 1.1 cm and the width was up to 9 cm. As for the "Fang" of the Han Dynasty, Wei and Jin dynasties, the length of the same, between one foot to one inch, the width of 6.1 cm to 7.5 cm, seemingly no clear specifications. The "il" class in the Han Dynasty was of varying lengths, ranging from 5.7 cm to 16.5cm, because "il" had three different shapes; the fourth part made some observations by synthesizing the classification results of the above three parts. There are 10 provinces unearthed the warring States Qin and Han books, to Hubei Province. The tombs of Qin and Han dynasties in the warring States period were unearthed, so it can be said that the books of numerology were very important to people at that time. There are 13 provinces unearthed the warring States, Qin, Han, Wei and Jin documents, seven types of documents, Hubei Province has unearthed, about half of the document carrier is bamboo slips, the other half is wood slips, as a whole, it seems that the people at that time did not favor any kind of carrier. But if compared with the bamboo slips unearthed in Hubei Province, the proportion of wooden slips is much higher, so it can be speculated that people at that time would consider the choice of writing carrier. This observation is superficial and needs to take into account other factors, such as the circumstances of the natural environment at the time, the limitations of the law, and the limited amount of data collected, so more complete information is needed to make a deeper study.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K877.5
[Abstract]:Since the bamboo slips were unearthed, there have been numerous studies on the form and content of the bamboo slips, as well as on the classification of the bamboo slips. Generally speaking, bamboo slips can be divided into two categories: books and documents. Bamboo slips and documents can be classified from different angles. In this paper, some unearthed bamboo slips are sorted out. Because of taking the complete and relatively complete bamboo slips as the research object, the following work has been done for each batch of bamboo slips: first, to find out the complete materials of the bamboo slips according to the excavation bulletin; second, if the excavations report does not annotate whether the bamboo slips unearthed are complete or not, they will use pictures to confirm them. On the basis of the previous classification research, this paper is divided into four parts. The first part is to arrange the bamboo slips unearthed according to the region unearthed, and to divide them into the warring States and Chu, Qin, Han and Wei and Jin dynasties in order of the times. The data of these unearthed sites refer to the relevant excavation reports; the second part is to divide the bamboo slips into two categories: books and documents. According to the classification of "Han calligraphy, Art and Literature", the books are divided into six categories: six arts, schools of thought, poetry and Fu, military books, numerals and techniques. According to Li Junming's classification of Qin and Han Dynasty, the paper is divided into seven categories: the writing, the law, the book, the lesson, the token, the il, policy and the land policy. The third part is to divide the bamboo slips into three periods: warring States, Qin and Han dynasties, Wei and Jin dynasties, classified by books and documents, divided into four categories according to appearance: "simple", "du", "Fang", "uncovering", taking long width as the discussion point. It was found that the books and documents of "Jane" in Qin and Han dynasties varied in length. Taking legal documents as an example, the legal documents of Qin and Han dynasties ranged from one foot one inch to one foot three inches. According to the literature, the length of bamboo slips used in the legal orders is two feet, four inches and three feet. Some scholars speculate that this may be because the official legal documents are copied with three feet of simple notes. At present, the laws of the Qin Dynasty may all be private transcripts. Can not comply with customization. In the Qin and Han dynasties, most of the books and documents were about one foot in length, but the width was different. The width was only 1.1 cm and the width was up to 9 cm. As for the "Fang" of the Han Dynasty, Wei and Jin dynasties, the length of the same, between one foot to one inch, the width of 6.1 cm to 7.5 cm, seemingly no clear specifications. The "il" class in the Han Dynasty was of varying lengths, ranging from 5.7 cm to 16.5cm, because "il" had three different shapes; the fourth part made some observations by synthesizing the classification results of the above three parts. There are 10 provinces unearthed the warring States Qin and Han books, to Hubei Province. The tombs of Qin and Han dynasties in the warring States period were unearthed, so it can be said that the books of numerology were very important to people at that time. There are 13 provinces unearthed the warring States, Qin, Han, Wei and Jin documents, seven types of documents, Hubei Province has unearthed, about half of the document carrier is bamboo slips, the other half is wood slips, as a whole, it seems that the people at that time did not favor any kind of carrier. But if compared with the bamboo slips unearthed in Hubei Province, the proportion of wooden slips is much higher, so it can be speculated that people at that time would consider the choice of writing carrier. This observation is superficial and needs to take into account other factors, such as the circumstances of the natural environment at the time, the limitations of the law, and the limited amount of data collected, so more complete information is needed to make a deeper study.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K877.5
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