【摘要】： 長期以來,煤炭作為英國的主要能源,支撐起英國近代工業(yè)的發(fā)展。二戰(zhàn)后,世界能源格局發(fā)生了根本性變化,主要體現(xiàn)在石油開始取代煤炭成為世界主要能源。英國煤炭工業(yè)也隨之衰落。許多煤礦區(qū)因煤礦關(guān)閉而遭廢棄,我們稱之為“煤礦遺址”。這些廢棄遺址占用大量土地,而且對礦區(qū)人民生命財產(chǎn)造成嚴(yán)重威脅。煤礦遺址問題的順利解決成為實(shí)現(xiàn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)興的重要方式。煤礦遺址問題主要通過兩種方式加以解決：即保護(hù)和再利用。英國在這一方面積累了許多成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),值得我們學(xué)習(xí)。因此,本文擬從英國煤礦遺址現(xiàn)狀、產(chǎn)生原因、分布等方面入手；探討英國煤礦遺址認(rèn)識的變遷和相關(guān)法律體系的形成,結(jié)合案例分析煤礦遺址保護(hù)和修復(fù)改造的幾種常用模式,總結(jié)其成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),并與我國對此問題的研究和實(shí)踐相比較,分析我國煤礦遺址修復(fù)改造工程中存在的主要問題和相應(yīng)解決之法。最后加以總結(jié)和評析。 第一部分英國煤礦遺址概述。主要論述了英國煤礦遺址產(chǎn)生的主要原因、分布狀況及相關(guān)認(rèn)識的變遷和相關(guān)法律的出臺。本文認(rèn)為煤礦遺址產(chǎn)生的原因主要有：資源的枯竭,成本上升；石油、新能源及國外廉價煤炭的競爭、環(huán)境和能源保護(hù)意識增強(qiáng)及戰(zhàn)爭、洪水等因素。英國對煤礦遺址的認(rèn)識不斷變化,即從強(qiáng)調(diào)人身和財產(chǎn)安全,向強(qiáng)調(diào)煤礦遺址的改造和再利用的轉(zhuǎn)變過程。 第二部分英國煤礦遺址的保護(hù)和修復(fù)改造。本章包含四個方面的內(nèi)容：即英國煤礦遺址改造的必要性、改造的基本條件、基本模式及基本原則。本文認(rèn)為煤礦關(guān)閉不僅會對礦區(qū)人民的人身財產(chǎn)安全造成威脅,而且會帶來失業(yè)、經(jīng)濟(jì)滑坡、土地?zé)o法耕種等社會經(jīng)濟(jì)問題。煤礦遺址改造和再利用模式多樣,主要分為自然主義保護(hù)模式、人文主義保護(hù)模式(主題博物館模式、購物休閑旅游模式、住房建設(shè)模式、工業(yè)博覽和商業(yè)旅游開發(fā)模式、公共休憩空間模式)、綜合開發(fā)模式三種類型。煤礦遺址修復(fù)改造的基本原則有可持續(xù)發(fā)展,多種模式并舉、安全性至上、保證公眾參與、兼顧公益性和商業(yè)性、堅(jiān)持地域特性和身份認(rèn)同等五個方面。 第三部分英國煤礦遺址保護(hù)和修復(fù)改造的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和對我國的啟示。本章由兩部分組成,即英國煤礦遺址修復(fù)改造的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)及對我國的借鑒意義。本文首先總結(jié)了英國在煤礦遺址修復(fù)改造的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)。并在此基礎(chǔ)上,論述我國目前煤礦遺址及修復(fù)改造的現(xiàn)狀,指出其存在的主要問題。并結(jié)合英國的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),為我國相關(guān)問題的解決提供建議。 總結(jié)部分是將從煤礦遺址問題的產(chǎn)生、認(rèn)識的變遷、問題的解決以及成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)和對我國的啟示等一系列內(nèi)容用簡明扼要的語言連貫起來,并從中得出啟示。
[Abstract]:For a long time, coal, as the main energy source in Britain, has supported the development of modern industry in Britain. After World War II, the world energy pattern has undergone fundamental changes, mainly reflected in the fact that oil began to replace coal as the world's main energy source. These abandoned sites occupy a large amount of land and pose a serious threat to the lives and property of the people in the mining area. The smooth resolution of the coal mine site problem has become an important way to achieve regional economic revival. Successful experience is worth learning. Therefore, this paper will start with the present situation, causes and distribution of coal mine ruins in Britain, discuss the changes of understanding of coal mine ruins in Britain and the formation of relevant legal system, analyze several common modes of protection, restoration and reconstruction of coal mine ruins with case studies, summarize the successful experience and discuss this problem with China. By comparing the research with practice, this paper analyzes the main problems and corresponding solutions in the renovation and reconstruction of coal mine ruins in China.
The first part is an overview of the coal mine sites in Britain.It mainly discusses the main causes of the occurrence of the coal mine sites in Britain,their distribution and changes in related knowledge and the enactment of relevant laws.The main reasons for the occurrence of the coal mine sites are as follows:exhaustion of resources,rising costs,competition of oil,new energy and cheap coal abroad,environment and energy. The British understanding of coal mine sites has changed from emphasizing personal and property safety to emphasizing the transformation and reuse of coal mine sites.
The second part is the protection and renovation of coal mine sites in Britain. This chapter contains four aspects: the necessity of the renovation of coal mine sites in Britain, the basic conditions, the basic mode and the basic principles of the renovation. The transformation and reuse of coal mine sites are divided into naturalism protection mode, humanism protection mode (theme Museum mode, shopping and leisure tourism mode, housing construction mode, industrial exposition and commercial tourism development mode, public recreation space mode), comprehensive development mode. The basic principles of coal mine site restoration and reconstruction are sustainable development, multi-mode coexistence, safety first, ensuring public participation, giving consideration to public welfare and commerciality, adhering to regional characteristics and identity.
This chapter consists of two parts, namely, the successful experience of coal mine site restoration and reconstruction in Britain and its reference to China. Firstly, this paper summarizes the successful experience of coal mine site restoration and reconstruction in Britain. Based on the successful experience of the UK, some suggestions are put forward to solve the related problems in China.
The summary part is to use concise and concise language to connect a series of contents, such as the emergence of the problem of coal mine site, the change of cognition, the solution of the problem, the successful experience and the enlightenment to our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K885.61

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