【摘要】：漢代碑刻包含了兩漢時代的碣、碑、墓志、畫像石題記、摩崖、石人石獸題字、黃腸石題字、居住建筑類石刻題字等所有的石刻文字,是嚴謹和規(guī)范的學術概念,不包含沒有文字的漢代藝術石刻。漢代碑刻是研究漢代社會風俗、意識形態(tài)、歷史史實以及文化藝術的重要實物資料,具有極高的學術價值和藝術價值。山東為齊、魯故地,是儒家孝文化的發(fā)祥之地,兩漢時期這個地區(qū)與喪葬密切相關的石刻文字極為興盛,是全國漢代碑刻分布最為集中的地區(qū),特別是在曲阜及其周邊地區(qū),書法界早就有“中國漢碑半濟寧”的說法。 自北宋時代金石學興起以來,漢代碑刻一直是傳統(tǒng)金石學研究中極為重要的內容,已經有了近千年的學術傳統(tǒng)。前人在漢代碑刻的文字釋讀、補史正史、書法藝術等方面取得了很多研究成果,成為我們研究這一學術領域必不可少的重要參考,為進一步的研究奠定了堅實的基礎。但是,前人的研究多不注重實地考察,關于山東漢代碑刻的基本信息有很多舛誤。在漢代碑刻的文字釋讀、斷代研究、真?zhèn)伪鎰e等方面,還有不少可以商榷的余地。關于碑的起源和象征意義也是眾說紛紜,莫衷一是。迄今為止還沒有人就山東全省范圍內的漢代碑刻進行過綜合的考察與研究。 本文的主體共分七個部分。 首先是緒論。第一節(jié)是有關概念的辨析,第二節(jié)是本課題的研究對象、研究方法以及選題的意義,第三節(jié)是我國碑刻文字的起源,第四節(jié)為漢代碑刻研究歷程述評。山東漢代碑刻相關概念的界定是本文立論的起點和基礎,我們首先辨別了碑和碑刻這樣一對容易混淆的概念,明確了漢代碑刻包含碣、碑、墓志、畫像石題記、摩崖等所有漢代石刻文字的概念內涵。本文以山東漢代碑刻為研究對象,包括出土于或現存在山東的、兩漢時代的所有石刻文字,也包括兩漢之間短暫存在的王莽新朝的石刻文字,主要是作為文物的山東漢代碑刻本身以及作為文獻和書法的碑刻文字,而沒有把相關碑刻的拓本納入研究范圍。接下來介紹一下本課題的研究方法以及選題的目的和意義。我們以考古學田野調查的方法,對山東漢代碑刻進行徹底的調查和清點,盡可能地對每件碑刻進行拍照攝影、測量尺寸、核對文字的工作,整理出更加詳盡的山東漢代碑刻目錄。利用歷史文獻學的方法,對歷代著錄的碑刻文獻進行對比、校勘,摘錄出前人研究中的問題,并進一步加以分析,然后提出自己的觀點。利用古文字學的方法對山東漢代碑刻的文字釋讀和字體演變進行研究,從文學的角度研究漢代碑刻文獻的文體演變過程,從史學的角度研究漢代碑刻在漢代職官地理、政治軍事、社會經濟等方面的學術價值。漢代碑刻是優(yōu)秀的書法藝術作品,通過對比同時代漢代簡牘書法,正確認識碑刻文字在漢代書法史上的地位和價值。在漢代碑刻研究歷程一節(jié)中,首先總結了民國之前的漢代碑刻研究,列出了民國前研究漢代碑刻的主要金石著作及其研究成果,然后是解放后的研究現狀,介紹了主要的相關研究著作,敘述了前人在漢代碑刻的分類、分期、分區(qū)以及畫像石題記等方面取得的研究成果。本文期冀在下述方面取得創(chuàng)新性成果：詳細地調查和清點山東漢代碑刻的現存狀況,甄別和辨正前人在山東漢代碑刻研究中的成果和問題,研究山東漢代碑刻的年代、地域分布并進行合理分類,深層挖掘漢代碑刻所反映的漢代社會背景,探索山東漢代碑刻的特點及其與周邊地區(qū)漢代碑刻的關系。 第一章是山東漢代碑刻綜述。第一節(jié)在詳細調查數據的基礎上,從年代分布、地域分布以及形制分類等三個方面對山東漢代碑刻進行了詳盡的綜合考察。第二節(jié)以表格的形式統(tǒng)計出現存原石以及已經佚失的山東漢代碑刻,山東現存漢代碑刻包括出土于山東而現存于山東之外的碑刻,計113種,不存原石的山東佚失漢代碑刻計54種,最后我們又列出了偽刻的山東漢代碑刻9種。 第二章是前人在漢代碑刻研究中的問題辨正,分為著錄的問題、文字辨識的問題、斷代的問題、真?zhèn)伪鎰e的問題等。第一節(jié)指出了歷代代表性金石學著作所存在的問題,簡略敘述了近年出版著作中有關山東漢代碑刻的收藏地、尺寸形制等基礎性著錄錯誤。第二節(jié)是文字辨識的問題,舉例說明了前人在幾件碑刻文字釋讀中的問題,提出了筆者的新觀點,考釋出了幾個碑刻疑難字。第三節(jié)是斷代問題,指出前人斷代研究中的幾個問題,提出了筆者自己的看法。第四節(jié)辨別了幾件碑刻的真?zhèn)?第五節(jié)是我們關于《竹邑侯相張壽碑》的新發(fā)現。 第三章是山東漢代碑刻興起的社會背景。漢代碑刻的產生和興盛與漢代特定的社會背景、意識形態(tài)有密切的關系,我們從孝道與碑刻、墓祭與碑刻、讖緯與碑刻三個方面綜合梳理了兩漢時代的社會意識形態(tài)與漢代碑刻的關系。兩漢時期以孝治天下,舉孝廉制度促成了注重名節(jié)的社會風氣,這是漢代碑刻產生的必要條件。西漢中晚期以后,墓祭成了官僚貴族聯絡宗族、招待賓客的政治活動,東漢明帝時期創(chuàng)建了上陵禮,確立了皇家祭祀祖先寢陵的制度,是漢代碑刻產生的實際需要。讖緯思想最終決定了碑的形制,碑的整體形狀象征碑文頌辭自天而降,得天之正統(tǒng)。 第四章是山東漢代碑刻學術價值。我們從漢代碑刻與漢代史學、漢代文學、漢代文字學以及書法藝術等幾個方面進行了論述。第一節(jié)總結了山東漢代碑刻文獻中的經濟史料、政治軍事史料以及職官地理史料及其價值；第二節(jié)就山東漢代碑刻中的民間歌謠、傳記散文和押韻頌辭進行了考察；第三節(jié)從隸變研究、通假字研究和對《說文》學價值方面論述了碑刻文字的文字學價值；第四節(jié)通過對山東漢代碑刻書法與同時代漢代簡牘書法的比較研究,正確認識碑刻文字在漢代書法史上的地位和價值。 第五章是山東漢代碑刻與周邊地區(qū)的關系�？偨Y出山東漢代碑刻的下述特點：種類豐富,在全國范圍內存世量最大,畫像石題記出現最早,祭祀孔子的漢代碑刻極具地域特色。為了正確認識山東漢代碑刻在全國的位置,討論了全國漢代碑刻的分布和分區(qū),并進一步探討了山東漢代碑刻與周邊其他分布區(qū)的關系。 最后是結語部分,對全文內容進行概括和總結,指出了本文的不足之處或有待提高的地方以及今后進一步的研究構想。 本文的附錄分三部分,附錄一是現存山東漢代碑刻的詳細資料,包括照片、文字的拓本和主要著錄目,附錄二是原石已經佚失的山東漢代碑刻資料,包括碑刻文字內容和主要著錄目,附錄三是《漢碑全集》讀后記,指出了《漢碑全集》所收錄山東漢代碑刻中存在的一些問題。
[Abstract]:The Han Dynasty stone inscriptions contain all the stone inscriptions of the Han Dynasty, such as pillars, steles, epitaphs, stone inscriptions, cliffs, stone man inscriptions, yellow intestines inscriptions, stone inscriptions of residential buildings, etc. They are rigorous and standard academic concepts, and do not contain the Han Dynasty art stone inscriptions without words. Shandong is the birthplace of Confucian filial piety culture. The stone inscriptions closely related to funerals flourished in this area during the Han Dynasty. It is the most concentrated area of Han Dynasty steles in China, especially in Qufu and its surrounding areas. In the area, calligraphy has long been known as "half of Jining in Chinese tablet".
Since the rise of epigraphy in the Northern Song Dynasty, the Han Dynasty stele has always been an extremely important part of the traditional epigraphy, and has been an academic tradition for nearly a thousand years. However, most of the predecessors did not pay attention to on-the-spot investigation, and there were many mistakes in the basic information of the Han Dynasty inscriptions in Shandong Province. There are different opinions. Up to now, no one has made a comprehensive study of the Han Dynasty inscriptions in Shandong Province.
The main body of this article is divided into seven parts.
The first section is the introduction. The second section is the research object, the research method and the significance of the topic. The third section is the origin of Chinese inscriptions. The fourth section is the review of the research process of Han Dynasty inscriptions. A pair of confusing concepts, such as steles and inscriptions, clearly define the concept of Han Dynasty steles, including pillars, steles, epitaphs, stone inscriptions, cliffs and other Han Dynasty stone inscriptions. The stone inscriptions in Wang Mang's new dynasty are mainly the inscriptions of Shandong Han Dynasty as cultural relics and the inscriptions of documents and calligraphy, but the rubbings of the relevant inscriptions are not included in the scope of study. Next, the research methods of this subject and the purpose and significance of the topic are introduced. The inscriptions of the Eastern Han Dynasty were thoroughly investigated and counted, and every inscription was photographed, measured and checked as much as possible. A more detailed catalogue of the inscriptions of the Eastern Han Dynasty in Shandong Province was compiled. This paper studies the interpretation of the characters and the evolution of the fonts of the Han Dynasty inscriptions in Shandong Province by means of ancient philology, studies the stylistic evolution of the Han Dynasty inscriptions from a literary point of view, and studies the Han Dynasty inscriptions from a historical point of view in terms of official geography, politics, military affairs, social economy and so on. Academic value. The Han Dynasty stele is an excellent calligraphy art work. By comparing the handwriting of the Han Dynasty bamboo slips, the position and value of stele inscriptions in the history of calligraphy in the Han Dynasty are correctly understood. In the course of the study of the Han Dynasty stele inscriptions, first summarized the Han Dynasty stele inscriptions before the Republic of China, listed the main stone inscriptions of the Han Dynasty before the Republic of China. This paper aims to make innovative achievements in the following aspects: a detailed investigation and inventory of the inscriptions on Han Dynasty steles in Shandong Province The existing situation, distinguishing and correcting the achievements and problems of predecessors in the study of Han Dynasty steles in Shandong Province, studying the age, geographical distribution and reasonable classification of Han Dynasty steles in Shandong Province, deeply excavating the social background of Han Dynasty reflected by Han Dynasty steles, and exploring the characteristics of Han Dynasty steles in Shandong Province and its relationship with Han Dynasty steles in the surrounding areas.
The first chapter is a summary of the Han Dynasty inscriptions in Shandong Province. On the basis of detailed investigation data, the first section makes a detailed comprehensive investigation of the Han Dynasty inscriptions in Shandong Province from three aspects: the chronological distribution, the geographical distribution and the classification of the form. There are 113 kinds of stone inscriptions unearthed in Shandong and extant outside Shandong. There are 54 kinds of lost Han Dynasty stone inscriptions in Shandong without original stone. Finally, we list 9 kinds of false Han Dynasty stone inscriptions in Shandong.
The second chapter is the problem identification of the predecessors in the study of Han Dynasty stele inscriptions, which is divided into the problems of description, character identification, dating and authenticity identification. The second section is about the problem of character identification. It illustrates the problems of predecessors in the interpretation of several inscriptions on steles with examples, puts forward the author's new viewpoints, and tests and interprets several difficult characters on steles. The fifth section is the new discovery of the monument to Zhu's longevity.
The third chapter is the social background of the rise of the Han Dynasty steles in Shandong. The emergence and prosperity of the Han Dynasty steles are closely related to the specific social background and ideology of the Han Dynasty. After the middle and late Western Han Dynasty, tomb sacrifices became a political activity for the bureaucrats and nobles to contact clans and entertain guests. In the Eastern Han Dynasty and Ming Dynasty, the Shangling ceremony was established, and the system of Royal sacrifices to ancestors'tombs was established. The whole shape of the tablet symbolizes the orthodoxy of the inscriptions descending from heaven.
The fourth chapter is the academic value of Shandong Han Dynasty stele inscriptions.We discuss the stele inscriptions in Han Dynasty and the history of Han Dynasty,the literature of Han Dynasty,the Philology of Han Dynasty and the art of calligraphy.The first section summarizes the economic historical materials,the political and military historical materials as well as the geographic historical materials and their value of the official in Shandong Han Dynasty. The folk ballads, biographical prose and rhyming odes in the inscriptions are investigated; the third section discusses the literary value of the inscriptions on the inscriptions on the inscriptions on the inscriptions on the inscriptions on the tablets from the following aspects: the study of the official changes, the study of the common and false characters and the study of the value of Shuo Wen; the fourth section correctly understands the inscriptions on the inscriptions on the inscriptions on the tablets in the The status and value in the history of calligraphy.
The fifth chapter is about the relationship between the Han Dynasty steles in Shandong Province and the surrounding areas.It summarizes the following characteristics of the Han Dynasty steles in Shandong Province:rich in variety,the largest number in the country,the earliest appearances of stone inscriptions,and the Han Dynasty steles offering sacrifices to Confucius.In order to correctly understand the position of the Han Dynasty steles in the whole country,the Han Dynasty steles in Shandong The distribution and zoning of the inscriptions are also discussed, and the relationship between the inscriptions on the Han Dynasty and other surrounding areas in Shandong is further explored.
The last part is the conclusion, which summarizes and summarizes the content of the whole paper, points out the shortcomings of this paper or areas to be improved and further research ideas in the future.
The appendix is divided into three parts. The first part is the detailed information of Shandong Han Dynasty stele inscriptions, including photographs, rubbings and main catalogues. The second part is the missing materials of Shandong Han Dynasty stele inscriptions, including the contents and main catalogues of the original stone. The third part is the postscript of the complete works of Han steles. Some problems in the inscriptions on the Eastern Han Dynasty.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K877.4

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前2條

1 賈秀梅;漢碑所見功曹及其相關問題[D];鄭州大學;2012年

2 呂歆;從碑碣看明清曲沃的宗教[D];山西師范大學;2014年

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本文編號：2243672