以禮制俗:明初禮制與墓室壁畫傳統(tǒng)的驟衰
[Abstract]:Mural tombs are the tombs with a long history in China. However, since the Ming Dynasty, the number of mural tombs has suddenly declined, which has become an important issue in the study of art history. The sudden rather than gradual decline of tomb murals in the Ming Dynasty prompted this article to jump out of the explanation of "internal rationalism" and to explore the external factors that interfere with the development of tomb art. Under the background of reconstructing the ritual system, a large number of rules of etiquette related to houses were promulgated in the early Ming Dynasty, which not only applied to the buildings on the ground, but also affected the tombs as "Yin houses". These regulations deal with the shape of the building, decoration of all aspects, such as the heavy eaves of the bucket arch, murals painting and other imitation wooden mural tombs to show content, are strictly prohibited. In terms of construction, mural tombs with a certain artistic level must be completed by professional craftsmen who have a clear division of labor, and not ordinary people can take action. However, in the early Ming Dynasty, the system of craftsmen followed the system of craftsmen, and the creation of craftsmen was severely restricted. Moreover, in the early Ming Dynasty, the punishment principle of "crime sitting craftsman" was specially established in order to prevent the phenomenon of "exceeding the system" fundamentally. Combined with the above factors, this paper holds that the strict rules of etiquette and social supervision in the early Ming Dynasty are the most direct reasons leading to the decline of the tomb murals tradition. This is not only a great turning point in the history of tomb art, but also provides a good example for the state power to interfere with the depth of folk life in the early Ming Dynasty.
【作者單位】: 復(fù)旦大學(xué)文史研究院;
【分類號】:K879.41
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